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Volume 1 Issue 3

September 2003

Issue of Open Physics

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Open Access September 1, 2003

Magnetic field and currents in HTSC films

K. Gaikovich, Yu. Nozdrin, A. Zhilin

Page range: 363-392

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Abstract

Magnetic field measurements above type-II superconductor films in a remanent magnetization state have been used to determine two dimensional surface current distributions. Using the Biot-Savart law for the surface current density, integral equations (of 2-D convolution type) for two components of current have been obtained. These equations have been solved by employing Tikhonov's method of generalized discrepancy, and the surface current pattern in superconductors as well as the magnetic field distribution on the film surface have been obtained. Current peculiarities related to various kinds of inhomogeneities, specific character of the film form, and a laser pulse effect have been observed. In particular, it was discovered that a laser pulse can signficantly redistribute the film currents without changing the total number of current vortices in the film.

Open Access September 1, 2003

Uncertainty relations expressed by Shannon-like entropies

V. Majerník, Eva Majerníková, S. Shpyrko

Page range: 393-420

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Abstract

Besides the well-known Shannon entropy, there is a set of Shannon-like entropies which have applications in statistical and quantum physics. These entropies are functions of certain parameters and converge toward Shannon entropy when these parameters approach the value 1. We describe briefly the most important Shannon-like entropies and present their graphical representations. Their graphs look almost identical, though by superimposing them it appears that they are distinct and characteristic of each Shannon-like entropy. We try to formulate the alternative entropic uncertainty relations by means of the Shannon-like entropies and show that all of them equally well express the uncertainty principle of quantum physics.

Open Access September 1, 2003

Electron spectral density of the half-filled Hubbard model in the atomic limit at finite temperature

Sergei Ovchinnikov, Elena Shneyder

Page range: 421-431

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Abstract

We have calculated the spectral function and density of states of halffilled two-dimensional Hubbard model in the Hubbard-I approximation assuming an antiferromagnetic long range order at low temperature and compared results to the QMC data. It occurs that calculated functions are in a qualitative agreement with the QMC one. We have also shown that Neel ordered state dispersion has the similar form to the spin density wave one.

Open Access September 1, 2003

Two-electron coulomb integrals with minimal group theory. Direct analytic solution and computer program

B. Cameron Reed

Page range: 432-439

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Abstract

A general closed-form analytic solution is developed for two-electron Coulomb integrals such as those that appear in perturbative treatments of multielectron atoms. In developing this solution, no recourse is necessary to group theory, Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, or specialized coordinate transformations: only familiar properties of hydrogenic wavefunctions and standard integrals are employed. One constraint from group theory is adopted for the purpose of establishing an upper limit on an index of summation for computational purposes. An accurate and efficient computer program for evaluating such integrals is made available.

Open Access September 1, 2003

Application of the Volterra filter in experimental diffraction data processing

Stanislav Jurečka, Mária Jurečková

Page range: 440-452

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Abstract

The effective signal in x-ray diffraction analysis of material properties often contains high frequency (noise) and low frequency (trend) components as additive parts. It is necessary to extract the effective signal from the noise to ensure high quality of signal processing. Digital filters of Volterra type are proposed for filtering purposes and a comparison of Volterra filtration implemented on x-ray diffraction data versus results from a set of other digital filters is given.

Open Access September 1, 2003

Steady-state analytical solutions for the lattice boltzmann equation

Gábor Házi

Page range: 453-462

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Abstract

A general class of analytical solutions of the lattice Boltzmann equation is derived for two-dimensional, steady-state unidirectional flows. A subset of the solutions that verifies the corresponding Navier-Stokes equations is given. It is pointed out that this class includes, e.g., the Couette and the Poiseuille flow but not, e.g., the basic Kolmogorov flow. For steady-state non-unidirectional flows, first and second order solutions of the lattice Boltzmann equation are derived. Practical consequences of the analysis are mentioned. Differences between the technique applied here and those used in some earlier works are emphasized.

Open Access September 1, 2003

Mechanism of Cu transport along clean Si surfaces

A. Dolbak, R. Zhachuk, B. Olshanetsky

Page range: 463-473

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Abstract

Cu diffusion along clean Si(111), (110) and (100) surfaces are investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction. The effective diffusion coefficients of copper are measured in the temperature range from 500 to 650°C. It is shown that the Cu transport along silicon surface occurs by the diffusion of Cu atoms through Si bulk and the segregation of Cu atoms to the surface during the diffusion process. It is found that the segregation coefficients of Cu to silicon surface during the diffusion process depend on surface orientation.

Open Access September 1, 2003

On applicability of Gibbs thermodynamics to nanoparticles

V. Samsonov, A. Bazulev, N. Sdobnyakov

Page range: 474-484

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Abstract

The problem of applicability of thermodynamics to small objects has been investigated. It is shown that the Gibbs surface phase method may be extended to nanoparticles if the effective surface tension (the specific excess free energy) is interpreted as a function of the particle radius.

Open Access September 1, 2003

Theoretical and experimental investigation of the photoacoustic effect in solids with residual stresses

K. Muratikov, A. Glazov

Page range: 485-515

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Abstract

Modern experiment and theory in the field of residual stress detection by the photoacoustic method are summarized and analyzed. A multimode approach based on the simultaneous application of several photothermal and photoacoustic methods is proposed for the study of thermal and thermoelastic effects in solids with residual stress. Some experimental results obtained within the framework of this approach for Vickers indentation zones in ceramics are presented. The effect of annealing on the photoacoustic, piezoelectric signal for ceramics and the influence of the given external loading on the behavior of the photoacoustic signal near the radial crack tips is investigated. It is experimentally shown that both compressive and shear stresses contribute to the photoacoustic signal near the radial crack tips. The model of the photoacoustic, thermoelastic effect in solids with residual stress is proposed. It is based on the modified Murnaghan model of non-linear elastic bodies, which takes into account a possible dependence of the thermoelastic constant on stress. This model is further developed to explain the photoacoustic signal behavior near the radial crack tips. It is demonstrated that this model of the photoacoustic effect agrees qualitatively with the available experimental data.

Open Access September 1, 2003

An introduction to physical theory of molecular evolution

Bartolo Luque

Page range: 516-555

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Abstract

This work is a tutorial in Molecular Evolution from the point of view of Physics. We discuss Eigen's model, a link between evolutionary theory and physics. We will begin by assuming the existence of (marco) molecules or replicators with the template property, that is, the capacity to self-replicate. According to this assumption, information will be randomly generated and destroyed by mutations in the code (i.e., errors in the copying process) and new bits of information will be fixed (made stable) by the existence of an external pressure on the system (i.e., selection), and the ability of the molecules to replicate themselves. Our aim is to build a model in order to describe molecular evolution from as general a standpoint as possible. As we will see, even very simple models from the theoretical point of view will have surprisingly deep consequences.

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Open Physics is a peer-reviewed, open access, electronic journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research results in all fields of physics. The journal provides the readers with free, instant, and permanent access to all content worldwide; and the authors with extensive promotion of published articles, long-time preservation, language-correction services, no space constraints and immediate publication.
Open Physics is listed inter alia by Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters) - Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences, JCR and SCIE. Our standard policy requires each paper to be reviewed by at least two Referees and the peer-review process is single-blind.

Special / Topical Issues:

Special Issue on Predicting Patern Alterations in Nature
Guest Editors:
Prof. Abdon Atangana, University of the Free State, South (Lead Guest Editor)
Prof. Dr. Emile Franc Goufo, University of South Africa
Prof. Dr Seda İğret Araz, Siirt University, Turkey

The journal publishes research and review articles, rapid and short communications, comments and replies that cover the following areas of physical sciences:

Acoustics
Astrophysics,
Atomic and Molecular Physics,
Biological and Medical Physics,
Complex Networks, Socio- and Econophysics,
Computational Physics,
Condensed Matter Physics,
Cosmology and Gravitation,
Fluid Mechanics,
Geophysics,
Nanophysics,
Optics and Lasers,
Particle and Nuclear Physics,
Plasma Physics,
Statistical and Nonlinear Physics,
Surface Physics,
Theoretical and Mathematical Physics.

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