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Volume 11 Issue 11

November 2013

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Open Access December 10, 2013

Estimating the adsorption energy of element 113 on a gold surface

Alexander Rusakov, Yuriy Demidov, Andréi Zaitsevskii

Page range: 1537-1540

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Abstract

We report first-principle based studies of element 113 (E113) interactions with gold aimed primarily at estimating the adsorption energy in thermochromatographic experiments. The electronic structure of E113-Aun systems was treated within the accurate shape-consistent small core relativistic pseudopotential framework at the level of non-collinear relativistic density functional theory (RDFT) with specially optimised Gaussian basis sets. We used gold clusters with up to 58 atoms to simulate the adsorption site on the stable Au(111) surface. Stabilization of the E113-Aun binding energy and the net Bader charge of E113 and the neighboring Au atoms with respect to n indicated the cluster size used was appropriate. The resulting adsorption energy estimates lie within the 1.0–1.2 eV range, substantially lower than previously reported values.

Open Access December 10, 2013

Hysteresis curves and loops for harmonic and impulse perturbations in some non-equilibrium gases

Anna Perelomova

Page range: 1541-1547

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Abstract

Evolution of sound in a relaxing gas whose properties vary in the course of wave propagation, is studied. A relaxing medium may reveal normal acoustic properties or be acoustically active. In the first case, losses in acoustic energy lead to an increase in internal energy of a gas similarly as it happens in Newtonian fluids. In the second case, acoustic energy increases in the course of sound propagation, and the internal energy of a medium decreases. Variations in the internal energy of a gas are proportional to some generic parameter, the sign of which is responsible for acoustical activity, and depends on intensity and shape of the sound waveform. Hysteresis curves in the plane of thermodynamic states are plotted. Curves for harmonic and several aperiodic sound impulses are plotted, discussed and compared.

Open Access December 10, 2013

Method to obtain carbon nano-onions by pyrolisys of propane

Tomas Garcia-Martin, Pedro Rincon-Arevalo, Gemma Campos-Martin

Page range: 1548-1558

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Abstract

We present a new and simple method for carbon nano-onions (CNOs) production which is based on the pyrolysis of Propane. CNOs are originated in a laminar premixed Propane/Oxygen flame of approximately 1.8 of stoichiometric coefficient. The stream of gasses resulting from the combustion drives the carbon particles towards the aluminium surface on which nano-onions are deposited and collected. The structure and size of the deposited carbon onion on the metal wall are characterized by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy technique (HRTEM). The experimental images show the presence of two different types of CNOs. The first particles have diameters in the range of 18-25 nm and the second ones around 10 nm.

Open Access December 10, 2013

Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of LiIn(WO4)2 nanopowders and single crystals doped with chromium(III) ions

Tomasz Skibiński, Hubert Fuks, Sławomir Kaczmarek, Tomasz Bodziony, Krzysztof Hermanowicz, Mirosław Maczka, Maciej Ptak, Jerzy Hanuza

Page range: 1559-1566

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Abstract

LiIn(WO4)2 single crystals and nanopowders doped with chromium(III) ions were synthesized and investigated, including their EPR spectra and magnetic properties. The EPR spectra have shown low and high field lines attributed to isolated chromium ions with an electron spin S=3/2 and complex chromium centers with higher spin value, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed an almost linear dependence on the magnetic field. The electron resonance and magnetic properties have been related to the structural and spectroscopic data of the studied material.

Open Access December 10, 2013

The mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising system on a two-layer Bethe lattice

Joël Kplé, Gabriel Avossevou, Félix Hontinfinde

Page range: 1567-1579

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Abstract

Two layered magnetic Bethe lattice with varying coordination number q is introduced and numerically studied via exact recursion relations within a pairwise approach. The system is influenced by competing interlayer and intralayer nearest-neighbour (NN) coupling interactions and also by the crystal and external magnetic fields. Cases where both layers are ferromagnetic or one is ferro and the other antiferromagnetic are considered. System configurations’ energy calculations are used to devise some ground state phase diagrams that have proven useful for the investigation of the very low temperature behaviour of the model. Analysis of the thermal behaviours of the total magnetization within the model parameters’ space yield interesting phase diagrams which display fascinating properties, in particular the presence of tricritical points. Increasing negative values of the crystal field strength stabilizes the disordered paramagnetic phase and sometimes gives rise to wavy transition lines.

Open Access December 10, 2013

Lattice model with power-law spatial dispersion for fractional elasticity

Vasily Tarasov

Page range: 1580-1588

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Abstract

A lattice model with a spatial dispersion corresponding to a power-law type is suggested. This model serves as a microscopic model for elastic continuum with power-law non-locality. We prove that the continuous limit maps of the equations for the lattice with the power-law spatial dispersion into the continuum equations with fractional generalizations of the Laplacian operators. The suggested continuum equations, which are obtained from the lattice model, are fractional generalizations of the integral and gradient elasticity models. These equations of fractional elasticity are solved for two special static cases: fractional integral elasticity and fractional gradient elasticity.

Open Access December 10, 2013

On noninertial effects inducing a confinement of a neutral particle to a hard-wall confining potential

Knut Bakke

Page range: 1589-1597

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Abstract

In this contribution, we discuss the confinement of a nonrelativistic spin-half neutral particle to a hard-wall confining potential induced by noninertial effects. We show that the geometry of the manifold plays the role of a hard-wall confining potential and yields bound state solutions. We also consider a neutral particle with a permanent magnetic dipole moment interacting with a field configuration induced by noninertial effects, and discuss the behaviour of the induced fields and obtain energy levels for bound states.

Open Access December 10, 2013

Generalized model for the nonlinear dynamics of plasma waves driven unstable by energetic ions near the stability threshold

Grzegorz Galant

Page range: 1598-1604

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Abstract

In this paper, an attempt to develop the original single mode theory describing the nonlinear dynamics of a linearly unstable plasma wave, excited by the resonant interaction with energetic ions near the stability threshold to the case of n interacting plasma modes has been made. The effects of an energetic ion source and classical collisional processes represented by the Krook, diffusion and dynamical friction (drag) collision operators are included in the model. For numerical purposes, the problem has been reduced to ten nonlinearly coupled integro-differential equations. In comparison to the previous papers, the system revealed similar (the steady-state, oscillation, and blow-up solutions), as well as quite new types of the amplitudes behaviour, i.e. different levels of competition between the modes.

Open Access December 10, 2013

Collision of water wave solitons

Nora Fenyvesi, Gyula Bene

Page range: 1605-1615

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Abstract

A classification of the time evolution of the two-soliton solutions of the Boussinesq equation is given, based on the number of extrema of the wave. For solitons moving in the same directions, three different scenarios are found, while it is shown that only one of these scenarios exists in case of oppositely moving solitons.

Open Access December 10, 2013

Experimental investigation of supersonic flow over elliptic surface

Qinghu Zhang, Shihe Yi, Lin He, Yangzhu Zhu, Zhi Chen

Page range: 1616-1622

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Abstract

The coherent structures of flow over a compression elliptic surface are experimentally investigated in a supersonic low-noise wind tunnel at Mach Number 3 using nano-tracer planar laser scattering (NPLS) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques. High spacial resolution images and the average velocity profiles of both laminar inflow and turbulent inflow over the testing model were captured. From statistically significant ensembles, spatial correlation analysis of both cases is performed to quantify the mean size and orientation of large structures. The results indicate that the mean structure is elliptical in shape and structure angles in separated region of laminar inflow are slightly smaller than that of turbulent inflow. Moreover, the structure angle of both cases increases with its distance away from from the wall. POD analysis of velocity and vorticity fields is performed for both cases. The energy portion of the first mode for the velocity data is much larger than that for the vorticity field. For vorticity decompositions, the contribution from the first mode for the laminar inflow is slightly larger than that for the turbulent inflow and the cumulative contributions for laminar inflow converges slightly faster than that for turbulent inflow

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Open Physics is a peer-reviewed, open access, electronic journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research results in all fields of physics. The journal provides the readers with free, instant, and permanent access to all content worldwide; and the authors with extensive promotion of published articles, long-time preservation, no space constraints and immediate publication.
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Astrophysics,
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Complex Networks, Socio- and Econophysics,
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