Open Access Published by De Gruyter Open Access

Volume 17 Issue 1

January 2019

Issue of Open Physics

Contents
Journal Overview

Groundwater is the key factor of determining the growth of vegetation. Identifying the characteristics of groundwater is an important basis to formulate a management plan for water resources and develop the technology of controlling desertification in arid areas scientifically. It is also important to the environmental protection in China. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) signals produce a special response to the changes in water content during propagation, thus it is essential to study the propagation of electromagnetic pulse in aeolian sand with different water content. The GPR tests of aeolian sand samples with different water content were conducted by a GPR system, dielectric constant meter, and conductivity meter. The temporal and frequency spectral characteristics of electromagnetic signals measured from aeolian sand samples were analyzed. The results show that the dielectric constant and conductivity of aeolian sand increase nonlinearly as the water content increases, and the attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic pulses increases parabolically. Meanwhile, the temporal waveform fluctuates significantly at the boundary of different media, and its two-way travel time increases nonlinearly as the water content increases, the pulse velocity decreases nonlinearly. Furthermore, the peak frequency of the spectrum for a signal propagating through aeolian sand decreases as the water content increases. The peak frequency is concentrated in the 1000 to 1400 MHz range, but the shape and bandwidth of the spectrum are less affected by water content. The above-mentioned correlations can provide a water content estimation of aeolian sand with direct value to the local authorities which are involved in the decision-making process for effective water management in arid and semi-arid area.

The traditional method of cloning formation is used to study the radiation effect of nuclear physics rays on hepatoma cells, and the results obtained are not reliable. Therefore, a new method of studying the radiation effect of nuclear physics rays on hepatoma cells is proposed. PCC method is used to study the radiation effect of γ-rays on hepatoma cells. Radiation effects of X-rays on hepatoma cells were studied by radionuclide formation assay, neutral comet electrophoresis and γH2AX focal detection. The results showed that the survival curves of HepG2 hepatoma cells irradiated by γ-rays were well fitted by linear squares. There was a linear relationship between the survival rate and irradiation dose of HepG2 hepatoma cells irradiated by γ-rays. HepG2 hepatoma cells showed strong tolerance to X-ray irradiation, and the positive rate of γH2AX cells reached 100% in each dose group only 0.5 h after X-ray irradiation.

This paper introduces a new concept for integrated electrical motor drives (IEMD) with the aim of minimizing the number of inverter’s power switching components. The latter is switched reluctance motor (SRM) based. The control strategy is jointly designed, inspired by Flyback power supplies operating at very high frequencies. A simple case study on an 8/6 SRM has been carried out. The study enables to highlight most challenging problems that have to be overcome in future works: overvoltages during switching due to the flux leakage, and the efficiency of the magnetic material constituting the machine at high switching frequencies. This concept turns out to be an interesting basis for a very advanced integration of the switching structure within electrical machines.

The effect of austenitising heat treatment on the microstructure, hardness and metal release of the nitrogen bearing, martensitic stainless steel 420U6 was investigated. The heat treatment was carried out at temperatures between 950 to 1,150 ∘ C with a holding time between 30 to 120min, followed by air cooling. The quenched microstructures observed by a scanning electron microscope indicated that by increasing the austenitising temperature and holding time, the number of carbides decreases while the grain size and the amount of retained austenite increases. For a given holding time, the hardness increases to a peak and then decreases continuously with the increase of temperature. The metal release test, according to the GB 4806.9-2016 standard, reveals that the metal release concentration is highly affected by the austenitising temperature. The parameters of the austenitising heat treatment, which can achieve the optimum combination of hardness and metal release, were obtained.

In this paper, the atomization characteristics of an effervescent atomizer were investigated. The velocity, Sauter Mean Diameter ( SMD ) and atomization cone angle of the droplets were measured using the Phase Doppler Analyzer (PDA) to discuss the effect of different design parameters. The results showed that the atomization was unstable at a small Gas-Liquid Rate ( GLR ) while the atomization proved gradually by increasing the GLR . The optimal atomization region was at a GLR =0.1. In the atomization process, there existed a typical velocity distribution for the swirl atomizer. The design parameters of atomizer provided a great influence on the Sauter Mean Diameter ( SMD ) and atomization cone angle. The experiment results showed that some droplets had negative velocities.

Erratum

Open Access December 30, 2019

Integrability analysis of the partial differential equation describing the classical bond-pricing model of mathematical finance

Taha Aziz, Aeeman Fatima, Chaudry Masood Khalique

Page range: 808-808

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Open Access December 31, 2019

Erratum to: Energy converting layers for thin-film flexible photovoltaic structures

Katarzyna Znajdek, Natalia Szczecińska, Maciej Sibiński, Przemysław Czarnecki, Gabriela Wiosna-Sałyga, Aleksandra Apostoluk, Fabien Mandrolo, Szymon Rogowski, Zbigniew Lisik

Page range: 984-984

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Open Physics is a peer-reviewed, open access, electronic journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research results in all fields of physics. The journal provides the readers with free, instant, and permanent access to all content worldwide; and the authors with extensive promotion of published articles, long-time preservation, language-correction services, no space constraints and immediate publication.
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