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Volume 2 Issue 3

September 2004

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Open Access September 1, 2004

Quantum diffusion

Dimitar Pushkarov

Page range: 420-455

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Abstract

Basic ideas and results which characterize quantum diffusion of defects in quantum crystals like solid helium as a new phenomenon are presented. Quantum effects in such media lead to a delocalization of point defects (vacancies, impurities etc.) and they turn into quasiparticles of a new type—defectons, which are characterized not by their position in the crystal lattice but by their quasimomentum and dispersion law. Defecton-defecton and defecton-phonon scattering are considered and an interpolation formula for the diffusion coefficient valid in all interesting temperature and concentration regions is presented. A comparison with the experimental data is made. Some alternative points of view are discussed in detail and the inconsistency of the Kisvarsanyi-Sullivan theory is shown.

Open Access September 1, 2004

Systems of orthogonal polynomials defined by hypergeometric type equations with application to quantum mechanics

Nicolae Cotfas

Page range: 456-466

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Abstract

A hypergeometric type equation satisfying certain conditions defines either a finite or an infinite system of orthogonal polynomials. We present in a unified and explicit way all these systems of orthogonal polynomials, the associated special functions and the corresponding raising/lowering operators. The equations considered are directly related to some Schrödinger type equations (Pöschl-Teller, Scarf, Morse, etc), and the special functions defined are related to the corresponding bound-state eigenfunctions.

Open Access September 1, 2004

Neutrino oscillations and the early universe

Daniela Kirilova

Page range: 467-491

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Abstract

The observational and theoretical status of neutrino oscillations in connection with solar and atmospheric neutrino anomalies is presented briefly. The effect of neutrino oscillations on the evolution of the early Universe is discussed in detail. A short review is given of the standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the influence of resonant and non-resonant neutrino oscillations on active neutrinos and on primordial synthesis of He-4. BBN cosmological constraints on neutrino oscillation parameters are discussed.

Open Access September 1, 2004

On quantum iterated function systems

Arkadiusz Jadczyk

Page range: 492-503

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Abstract

A Quantum Iterated Function System on a complex projective space is defined through a family of linear operators on a complex Hilbert space. The operators define both the maps and their probabilities by one algebraic formula. Examples with conformal maps (relativistic boosts) on the Bloch sphere are discussed.

Open Access September 1, 2004

Computer aided measurement of biomechanical characteristics of cadaverous lumbar spines

Luděk Bartoněk, Jiří Keprt, Jiří Charamza, Lumír Hrabálek

Page range: 504-510

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Abstract

Special computer-aided equipment was designed for measurement of biomechanical characteristics of lower part of the spine (L1-L5). When the stress is applied, it is necessary to observe the shift of the sample elements, together with measurement of the spine rigidity. This shift is determined with the help of circular targets fitted to the appropriate vertebra. The targets, illuminated by lamp or laser light, are monitored and their digitalized images are scanned by CCD camera is stored as computer media. The two dimensional Fourier transform of the digital optical signal is obtained by the fast Fourier transform algorithm. The period and direction of the interference fringes determine the size and the direction of the sample shift.

Open Access September 1, 2004

The exclusive reaction of pion quasi-elastic knockout from nucleon p(e, e′ π)B to various states of the final baryon-spectator B and the quark models for the pion cloud of nucleon

Vladimir Neudatchin, Igor Obukhovsky, Ludmila Sviridova, Nikolai Yudin

Page range: 511-522

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Abstract

The pion momentum distributions (MDs) in four channels of virtual decay p→B+π, B = N, Δ, N 1/2-(1535), N 1/2+(1440) are calculated in two models, the microscopic model of 3 P 0 scalar q−q fluctuation with the pion as a composite q−q-system and the chiral semi-microscopic model of πq interaction with the pion as a structureless Goldstone boson. The results of the above models are similar for the baryon states B = N, Δ, N 1/2-(1535) but are rather different for the Roper resonance N 1/2+(1440) which corresponds to excitation of two oscillator quanta in the nucleon. The experimental investigation of pion MDs by means of the reaction of quasi-elastic knockout of pion by an electron of a few GeV energy p(e, e′ π)B may be very suitable for Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia (JLab).

Open Access September 1, 2004

Leptonic constant of the pseudoscalar B c meson

Valery Kiselev

Page range: 523-534

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Abstract

We calculate the leptonic constant for the pseudoscalar ground state of the B c meson in the framework of a QCD-motivated potential model taking into account the two-loop anomalous dimension for the heavy quark current in nonrelativistic QCD as matched with full QCD.

Open Access September 1, 2004

A bicontinuous structure in some systems with cubic mesophases

Andrei Yakunin

Page range: 535-555

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Abstract

A cubic structure of polymer colloid complexes is studied. The technique of the research includes i) an analysis of well-known literature SAXS data; on this basis, ii) constructing a simple model to estimate geometric structure parameters and to obtain a simulated scattering curve; and iii) comparing the model with the real structure obtained from the SAXS data, using the reconstruction of electron density distribution. A bicontinuous structure in cubic mesophases is formed.

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Open Physics is a peer-reviewed, open access, electronic journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research results in all fields of physics. The journal provides the readers with free, instant, and permanent access to all content worldwide; and the authors with extensive promotion of published articles, long-time preservation, language-correction services, no space constraints and immediate publication.
Open Physics is listed inter alia by Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters) - Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences, JCR and SCIE. Our standard policy requires each paper to be reviewed by at least two Referees and the peer-review process is single-blind.

Special / Topical Issues:

Special Issue on Predicting Patern Alterations in Nature
Guest Editors:
Prof. Abdon Atangana, University of the Free State, South (Lead Guest Editor)
Prof. Dr. Emile Franc Goufo, University of South Africa
Prof. Dr Seda İğret Araz, Siirt University, Turkey

The journal publishes research and review articles, rapid and short communications, comments and replies that cover the following areas of physical sciences:

Acoustics
Astrophysics,
Atomic and Molecular Physics,
Biological and Medical Physics,
Complex Networks, Socio- and Econophysics,
Computational Physics,
Condensed Matter Physics,
Cosmology and Gravitation,
Fluid Mechanics,
Geophysics,
Nanophysics,
Optics and Lasers,
Particle and Nuclear Physics,
Plasma Physics,
Statistical and Nonlinear Physics,
Surface Physics,
Theoretical and Mathematical Physics.

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