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Volume 4 Issue 4

December 2006

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Open Access December 1, 2006

Radionuclides in deposition in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005

Rimvydas Jasiulionis, Andrej Rožkov

Page range: 417-428

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Abstract

Results of radionuclide activity concentration measurements in deposition and ground-level air conducted at the station of the Institute of Physics situated 3.5 km from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) in 2005 are analyzed. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of 7Be, 60Co and 137Cs are estimated. Radionuclide particle deposition rates are calculated. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of the global dispersion and deposition is used to explain variations in the 137Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005. An increase in the 137Cs activity concentration of up to 17.4 µBq m−3 on 30 October-5 November is studied. Modelling results show that the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 Sarcophagus and the radiocaesium resuspension from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions are sources of 137Cs to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. Results on solubility in water of aerosols — carriers of 137Cs — are discussed.

Open Access December 1, 2006

The application of practical Kedem-Katchalsky equations in membrane transport

Maria Jarzyńska

Page range: 429-438

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Abstract

Kedem-Katchalsky (K-K) equations, commonly used to describe the volume and solute flows of nonelectrolyte solutions across membranes, assume that the solutions on both sides are mixed. This paper presents a new contribution to the description of solute and solvent transfer through a membrane within the Kedem-Katchalsky formalism. The modified K-K equation obtained here, which expresses the volume flow (J v), includes the effect of boundary layers of varied concentrations that form in the vicinity of the membrane in the case of poorly-mixed solutions. This equation is dependent on the following: membrane parameters (σ, L p, ω), complex h/M/l parameters (σ s-reflection, L ps-hydraulic permeability, ω s-solute permeability coefficients, δ h, δ l-thicknesses of concentration boundary layers), and solution parameters (c-concentration, ρ-density, v-kinematic viscosity, D-diffusion coefficient). In order to verify the elaborated equation concerning J v, we calculated the following functions: $$J_v = f(\Delta c)_{\Delta p,R_C = const} $$ , $$J_v = f(R_C )_{\Delta p,\Delta c = const} $$ , and $$J_v = f(\Delta p)_{\Delta c,R_C = const} $$ . The J v equation was derived by means of two methods.

Open Access December 1, 2006

Field and dipole squeezing in a driven degenerate Λ quantum-beat system

Qing-Chun Zhou

Page range: 439-447

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Abstract

The properties of field squeezing and atomic dipole squeezing in a coherent-microwave field driven degenerate Λ quantum-beat system were theoretically investigated. Numerical calculations indicate that the driving microwave may enhance or suppress both dipole squeezing and cavity-field squeezing, depending on the atomic energy level splitting and the microwave Rabi frequency.

Open Access December 1, 2006

Towards relativistic ECP / DFT description of chemical bonding in E112 compounds: spin-orbit and correlation effects in E112X versus HgX (X=H, Au)

Andréi Zaitsevskii, Elena Rykova, Nikolai Mosyagin, Anatoly Titov

Page range: 448-460

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Abstract

The relativistic effective core potential (RECP) approach combined with the spin-orbit DFT electron correlation treatment was applied to the study of the bonding of eka-mercury (E112) and mercury with hydrogen and gold atoms. Highly accurate small-core shape-consistent RECPs derived from Hartree-Fock-Dirac-Breit atomic calculations with Fermi nuclear model were employed. The accuracy of the DFT correlation treatment was checked by comparing the results in the scalar-relativistic (spin-orbit-free) limit with those of high level scalar-relativistic correlation calculations within the same RECP model. E112H was predicted to be slightly more stable than its lighter homologue (HgH). The E112-Au bond energy is expected to be ca. 25–30 % weaker than that of Hg-Au. The role of correlations and magnetic (spin-dependent) interactions in E112-X and Hg-X (X=H, Au) bonding is discussed. The present computational procedure can be readily applied to much larger systems and seems to be a promising tool for simulating E112 adsorption on metal surfaces.

Open Access December 1, 2006

Heisenberg-type ferromagnetic films with a sandwich structure

Ján Kecer, Vladimír Ilkovič

Page range: 461-471

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Abstract

Green’s function theory is applied to an alternating two-element multilayer ferromagnetic film. The Hamiltonian is based on the Heisenberg model with a second-order uniaxial single-ion anisotropy and with the interaction between the layer in the interfaces. Magnetization and the phase transition in such system are derived for several sets of material parameters.

Open Access December 1, 2006

The effect of pressure on the elastic constants of Cu, Ag and Au: a molecular dynamics study

Yasemin Çiftci, Kemal Çolakoğlu, Sefa Kazanç, SonerÖzgen

Page range: 472-480

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Abstract

This paper describes the effect of pressure on some the mechanical properties of transition metals Cu, Ag, and Au, such as elastic constants and bulk modulus. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the present study was carried out using the modified many-body Morse potential function expression in the framework of the Embedded Atom Method (EAM). The effect of pressure on equilibrium volume, elastic constants, and bulk modulus were determined, and found to be in agreement with other theoretical calculations and experimental data.

Open Access December 1, 2006

Atomic simulation of the vacancies in BCC metals with MAEAM

Jian-Min Zhang, Yan-Ni Wen, Ke-Wei Xu

Page range: 481-493

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Abstract

The formation energy of the mono-vacancy and both the formation energy and binding energy of the di-and tri-vacancy in BCC alkali metals and transition metals have been calculated by using the modified analytical embedded-atom method (MAEAM). The formation energy of each type of configuration of the vacancies in the alkali metals is much lower than that in the transition metals. From minimum of the formation energy or maximum of the binding energy, the favorable configuration of the di-vacancy and tri-vacancy respectively is the first-nearest-neighbor (FN) or second-nearest-neighbor (SN) di-vacancy and the [112] tri-vacancy constructed by two first-and one second-nearest-neighbor vacancies. It is indicated that there is a concentration tendency for vacancies in BCC metals.

Open Access December 1, 2006

NIR photoresponse in the mixed phthalocyanine films

Geogrij Pakhomov, Evgenij Kuzin, Arkadij Murel

Page range: 494-502

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Abstract

The structure, optical and conducting properties of thin vacuum deposited films of erbium bisphthalocyanine (Pc2Er) and its mixtures with metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) have been studied with particular reference to the near infrared (NIR). It has been found that, in spite of intense optical absorbance over the UV/Vis/NIR domain, pure Pc2Er films are weakly photoconductive. However, in the mixed Pc2Er/H2Pc films the photocurrent signal was detected in the NIR range of 1200–1500 nm, which is associated with optical activity of Pc2Er molecules.

Open Access December 1, 2006

Cosmological perturbations in FRW model with scalar field within Hamilton-Jacobi formalism and symplectic projector method

Dumitru Baleanu

Page range: 503-510

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Abstract

The Hamilton-Jacobi analysis is applied to the dynamics of the scalar fluctuations about the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric. The gauge conditions are determined from the consistency conditions. The physical degrees of freedom of the model are obtained by the symplectic projector method. The role of the linearly dependent Hamiltonians and the gauge variables in the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism is discussed.

Open Access December 1, 2006

From the Hamiltonian to the Lagrangean formalism for 1-reducible theories. The Freedman-Townsend model

Radu Constantinescu, Carmen Ionescu

Page range: 511-521

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Abstract

The paper presents a possible path to the sp(3) BRST Lagrangean formalism for a 1-reducible gauge field theory starting from the Hamiltonian one. This appears to be not at all a trivial attempt and will allow explanation of the structure of generators and the form of the master equations in the Lagrangean sp(3) theories. The Freedman-Townsend model, for which a Lagrangean (covariant) sp(3) theory is important, is presented.

Open Access December 1, 2006

Simulating a perpendicular exchange-biased structure with a partially covering nonmagnetic insertion at the FM/AFM interface

Tomasz Błachowicz

Page range: 522-522

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Open Physics is a peer-reviewed, open access, electronic journal devoted to the publication of fundamental research results in all fields of physics. The journal provides the readers with free, instant, and permanent access to all content worldwide; and the authors with extensive promotion of published articles, long-time preservation, language-correction services, no space constraints and immediate publication.
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Special Issue on Predicting Patern Alterations in Nature
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Prof. Abdon Atangana, University of the Free State, South (Lead Guest Editor)
Prof. Dr. Emile Franc Goufo, University of South Africa
Prof. Dr Seda İğret Araz, Siirt University, Turkey

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