Impact Factor: 4.703

Published since April 1, 1987

Reviews in the Neurosciences

ISSN: 2191-0200

Editor-in-chief: Joseph P. Huston

Editorial Board: Bianca Topic, Hojjat Adeli, Gyorgy Buzsaki, Jacqueline Crawley, Tim Crow, Paul Gold, Florian Holsboer, Carsten Korth, Jay-Shake Li, Gert Lubec, Bruce McEwen, Weihong Pan, Mikhail Pletnikov, Trevor Robbins, Alfons Schnitzler, Oswald Steward

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About this journal

Reviews in the Neurosciences provides a forum for reviews, critical evaluations and theoretical treatment of selective topics in the neurosciences. The journal is meant to provide an authoritative reference work for those interested in the structure and functions of the nervous system at all levels of analysis, including the genetic, molecular, cellular, behavioral, cognitive and clinical neurosciences. Contributions should contain a critical appraisal of specific areas and not simply a compilation of published articles.

Previously published by Freund Publishing House Ltd.

Topics

Neurology
Psychiatry
Neuropharmacology
Neurochemistry
Neurophysiology
Behavioral Psychology
Pharmacology
Neuroanatomy

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Rich publishing tradition since 1987
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Previously published by Freund Publishing House Ltd.

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Volume 34 Issue 3

April 2023

Publicly Available March 29, 2023

Frontmatter

Page range: i-iii

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August 26, 2022

Aging, testosterone, and neuroplasticity: friend or foe?

Kiarash Saleki, Mohammad Banazadeh, Amene Saghazadeh, Nima Rezaei

Page range: 247-273

Abstract

Neuroplasticity or neural plasticity implicates the adaptive potential of the brain in response to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. The concept has been utilized in different contexts such as injury and neurological disease. Neuroplasticity mechanisms have been classified into neuroregenerative and function-restoring processes. In the context of injury, neuroplasticity has been defined in three post-injury epochs. Testosterone plays a key yet double-edged role in the regulation of several neuroplasticity alterations. Research has shown that testosterone levels are affected by numerous factors such as age, stress, surgical procedures on gonads, and pharmacological treatments. There is an ongoing debate for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in aging men; however, TRT is more useful in young individuals with testosterone deficit and more specific subgroups with cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it is important to pay early attention to testosterone profile and precisely uncover its harms and benefits. In the present review, we discuss the influence of environmental factors, aging, and gender on testosterone-associated alterations in neuroplasticity, as well as the two-sided actions of testosterone in the nervous system. Finally, we provide practical insights for further study of pharmacological treatments for hormonal disorders focusing on restoring neuroplasticity.

September 6, 2022

Mitochondrial fission mediated by Drp1-Fis1 pathway and neurodegenerative diseases

Wenjia Shi, Cheng Tan, Can Liu, Dan Chen

Page range: 275-294

Abstract

In recent years, the role of mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases has becoming increasingly important. More and more evidences have shown that in pathological conditions, abnormal mitochondrial divisions, especially Drp1-Fis1-mediated divisions, play an important role in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, glaucoma, and other neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights several new mechanisms of physiological fission of mitochondria and the difference/connection of physiological/pathological mitochondrial fission. In addition, we described the relationship between abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and neurodegenerative diseases in detail and emphatically summarized its detection indicators in basic experiments, trying to provide references for further mechanism exploration and therapeutic targets.

September 5, 2022

The limitations of investigating appetite through circuit manipulations: are we biting off more than we can chew?

Joshua Wang, Kate Beecher, Fatemeh Chehrehasa, Hayley Moody

Page range: 295-311

Abstract

Disordered eating can underpin a number of debilitating and prevalent chronic diseases, such as obesity. Broader advances in psychopharmacology and biology have motivated some neuroscientists to address diet-induced obesity through reductionist, pre-clinical eating investigations on the rodent brain. Specifically, chemogenetic and optogenetic methods developed in the 21st century allow neuroscientists to perform in vivo , region-specific/projection-specific/promoter-specific circuit manipulations and immediately assess the impact of these manipulations on rodent feeding. These studies are able to rigorously conclude whether a specific neuronal population regulates feeding behaviour in the hope of eventually developing a mechanistic neuroanatomical map of appetite regulation. However, an artificially stimulated/inhibited rodent neuronal population that changes feeding behaviour does not necessarily represent a pharmacological target for treating eating disorders in humans. Chemogenetic/optogenetic findings must therefore be triangulated with the array of theories that contribute to our understanding of appetite. The objective of this review is to provide a wide-ranging discussion of the limitations of chemogenetic/optogenetic circuit manipulation experiments in rodents that are used to investigate appetite. Stepping into and outside of medical science epistemologies, this paper draws on philosophy of science, nutrition, addiction biology and neurophilosophy to prompt more integrative, transdisciplinary interpretations of chemogenetic/optogenetic appetite data. Through discussing the various technical and epistemological limitations of these data, we provide both an overview of chemogenetics and optogenetics accessible to non-neuroscientist obesity researchers, as well as a resource for neuroscientists to expand the number of lenses through which they interpret their circuit manipulation findings.

September 5, 2022

The role and mechanism of tryptophan – kynurenine metabolic pathway in depression

Xiaoli Gong, Rui Chang, Ju Zou, Sijie Tan, Zeyi Huang

Page range: 313-324

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness characterized by persistent low mood and anhedonia, normally accompanied with cognitive impairment. Due to its rising incidence and high rate of recurrence and disability, MDD poses a substantial threat to patients’ physical and mental health, as well as a significant economic cost to society. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of MDD are still unclear. Chronic inflammation may cause indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) to become overactive throughout the body and brain, resulting in excess quinolinic acid (QUIN) and less kynuric acid (KYNA) in the brain. QUIN’s neurotoxicity damages glial cells and neurons, accelerates neuronal apoptosis, hinders neuroplasticity, and causes depression due to inflammation. Therefore, abnormal TRP-KYN metabolic pathway and its metabolites have been closely related to MDD, suggesting changes in the TRP-KYN metabolic pathway might contribute to MDD. In addition, targeting TRP-KYN with traditional Chinese medicine showed promising treatment effects for MDD. This review summarizes the recent studies on the TRP-KYN metabolic pathway and its metabolites in depression, which would provide a theoretical basis for exploring the etiology and pathogenesis of depression.

September 23, 2022

A meta-analytical review of transcranial direct current stimulation parameters on upper limb motor learning in healthy older adults and people with Parkinson’s disease

Jessie Siew-Pin Leuk, Kai-En Yow, Clenyce Zi-Xin Tan, Ashlee M. Hendy, Mika Kar-Wing Tan, Tommy Hock-Beng Ng, Wei-Peng Teo

Page range: 325-348

Abstract

Current literature lacks consolidated evidence for the impact of stimulation parameters on the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in enhancing upper limb motor learning. Hence, we aim to synthesise available methodologies and results to guide future research on the usage of tDCS on upper limb motor learning, specifically in older adults and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thirty-two studies (Healthy older adults, N = 526, M = 67.25, SD = 4.30 years; PD, N = 216, M = 66.62, SD = 6.25 years) were included in the meta-analysis. All included studies consisted of active and sham protocols. Random effect meta-analyses were conducted for (i) subjects (healthy older adults and PD); (ii) intensity (1.0, 1.5, 2 mA); (iii) electrode montage (unilateral anodal, bilateral anodal, unilateral cathodal); (iv) stimulation site (cerebellum, frontal, motor, premotor, SMA, somatosensory); (v) protocol (online, offline). Significant tDCS effect on motor learning was reported for both populations, intensity 1.0 and 2.0 mA, unilateral anodal and cathodal stimulation, stimulation site of the motor and premotor cortex, and both online and offline protocols. Regression showed no significant relationship between tDCS effects and density. The efficacy of tDCS is also not affected by the number of sessions. However, studies that reported only single session tDCS found significant negative association between duration with motor learning outcomes. Our findings suggest that different stimulation parameters enhanced upper limb motor learning in older adults and PD. Future research should combine tDCS with neuroimaging techniques to help with optimisation of the stimulation parameters, considering the type of task and population.

October 31, 2022

A systematic review of transcranial direct current stimulation on eye movements and associated psychological function

Ashwin Subramaniam, Sicong Liu, Liam Lochhead, Lawrence Gregory Appelbaum

Page range: 349-364

Abstract

The last decades have seen a rise in the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) approaches to modulate brain activity and associated behavior. Concurrently, eye tracking (ET) technology has improved to allow more precise quantitative measurement of gaze behavior, offering a window into the mechanisms of vision and cognition. When combined, tDCS and ET provide a powerful system to probe brain function and measure the impact on visual function, leading to an increasing number of studies that utilize these techniques together. The current pre-registered, systematic review seeks to describe the literature that integrates these approaches with the goal of changing brain activity with tDCS and measuring associated changes in eye movements with ET. The literature search identified 26 articles that combined ET and tDCS in a probe-and-measure model and are systematically reviewed here. All studies implemented controlled interventional designs to address topics related to oculomotor control, cognitive processing, emotion regulation, or cravings in healthy volunteers and patient populations. Across these studies, active stimulation typically led to changes in the number, duration, and timing of fixations compared to control stimulation. Notably, half the studies addressed emotion regulation, each showing hypothesized effects of tDCS on ET metrics, while tDCS targeting the frontal cortex was widely used and also generally produced expected modulation of ET. This review reveals promising evidence of the impact of tDCS on eye movements and associated psychological function, offering a framework for effective designs with recommendations for future studies.

Ahead of Print / Just Accepted

Ahead of Print / Just Accepted

Volume 34 (2023)

Volume 33 (2022)

Volume 32 (2021)

Volume 31 (2020)

Volume 30 (2019)

Volume 29 (2018)

Volume 28 (2017)

Volume 27 (2016)

Volume 26 (2015)

Volume 25 (2014)

Volume 24 (2013)

Volume 23 (2012)

Volume 22 (2011)

Volume 21 (2010)

Volume 20 (2009)

Volume 19 (2008)

Volume 18 (2007)

Volume 17 (2006)

Volume 16 (2005)

Volume 15 (2004)

Volume 14 (2003)

Volume 13 (2002)

Volume 12 (2001)

Volume 11 (2000)

Volume 10 (1999)

Volume 9 (1998)

Volume 8 (1997)

Volume 7 (1996)

Volume 6 (1995)

Volume 5 (1994)

Volume 4 (1993)

Volume 3 (1992)

Volume 2 (1990)

Volume 1 (1987)

Issue 3-4

5-year Impact Factor	4.924
Cite Score	8.1
Impact Factor	4.703
Journal Citation Indicator	0.98
SCImago Journal Rank	1.048
Source Normalized Impact per Paper	1.192

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Editorial

Editor-in-Chief

Joseph P. Huston (Düsseldorf, Germany)

Associate Editor

Bianca Topic (Düsseldorf, Germany)

Editorial Board

Hojjat Adeli (Columbus, USA)
Gyorgy Buzsaki (New York, USA)
Jacqueline N. Crawley (Bethesda, USA)
Tim J. Crow (Headington, UK)
Paul E. Gold (Champaign, USA)
Florian Holsboer (Munich, Germany)
Carsten Korth (Düsseldorf, Germany)
Jay-Shake Li (Chiayi, Taiwan)
Gerd Lubec (Vienna, Austria)
Claudia Mattern (Emmetten, Switzerland)
Bruce S. McEwen (New York, USA)
Weihong Pan (Baton Rouge, USA)
Mikhail Pletnikov (Baltimore, USA)
Trevor W. Robbins (Cambridge, UK)
Alfons Schnitzler (Düsseldorf, Germany)
Oswald Steward (Irvine, USA)

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(Deutsch)

Online ISSN: 2191-0200
Print ISSN: 0334-1763
Type: Journal
Language: English
Publisher: De Gruyter
First published: April 1, 1987
Publication Frequency: 8 Issues per Year
Audience: Neuroscientists, Psychiatrists, Psychologists, Life Scientists, Pharmacologists, Biologists