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March 14, 2012
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This paper gives a survey on acoustic waveguides that are used for the measurement of properties of liquid. As guided acoustic waves range from the mm-scale to the km-scale, they are used in lots of scientific disciplines like seismology, geophysics, or process measurement engineering. A phenomenological way of classifying these waveguides will be developed, always considering the displacement characteristics of the waveguide´s boundary as well as single mode, multimode, or bulk mode operation. Later on, this article will focus on the modelling, simulation, and measurement of multimode wave propagation in acoustic waveguides.
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This paper presents an application of a Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Line resonator (CRLH-TL) for a compact mass flow detector with increased sensitivity compared to a conventional microwave mass flow detector. In this concept, series capacitors and shunt inductors are used to synthesize a medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity — the so called metamaterial. The simultaneous detection of the velocity and the solids/air concentration from a single measurement ensures a true mass flow detector. The arrangement of two CRLH-TL resonators to a helix shape opens up the possibility to detect the cross-sectional flow distribution of the material fed thereby increasing the accuracy of the detector. A prototype was realized and tested in a dedicated measurement setup to prove the concept. The application areas of this sensor are gas/solids, gas/liquid and liquid/solids flows in industrial monitoring applications.
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Cameras based on “Cellular Neural Networks” (CNN) have the potential to enable new applications for industrial machine vision systems, because this technology provides the integration of computing elements into each pixel of a CMOS camera. Closed loop control systems benefit in particular from the combination of high computational power with short feedback times. This article describes three applications in laser welding, laser ablation, and wire drawing processes, whose control becomes for the first time feasible by this novel image processing technique.
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Traceability is of highest importance for the worldwide comparability of measurements in photometry and radiometry. In this paper the necessity of traceable measurements will be described. In addition, the laser-based measurement setups at PTB for this purpose for selected measurements for spectral responsivity of radiometric detectors and characterisation of spectroradiometers will be explained.
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Modern livestock farming requires novel automatic systems for health monitoring. This could be accomplished with the help of infrared thermography (IRT), but high measurement uncertainties and considerable personnel expenditure for the analyses prevent it. With the combination of a radiant temperature correction to reduce the uncertainty, a model-based correction of influence factors, as well as an automatic segmentation as a basis of a proper calculation of diagnostic relevant temperature values the IRT was successfully applied for veterinary mass screening.
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Das bei einer Verbrennung entstehende CO 2 emittiert ein spezifisches Strahlungsspektrum bei etwa 4,3 μm Wellenlänge, das mit einem IR-Flammendetektor erfasst werden kann. Die marktüblichen Sensoren detektieren eine Flamme in einem festgelegten Gebiet (Field-of-View), ihre genaue Position kann jedoch nicht ermittelt werden. Der vorgestellte 3×3-Matrixsensor generiert zusätzliche Richtungsinformationen für eine räumliche Ortung der Flamme mit einer Winkelauflösung von bis zu 5°. Zusammenfassung Hot gases emit a specific spectral pattern in the infrared range at about 4.3 μm, which can be sensed with an infrared (IR) flame detector. State-of-the-art detectors are designed as single-point detectors to detect a flame inside a certain field of view where the position of the flame cannot be resolved. The novel 3×3 array sensor delivers additional spatial information about the observed scene for an angular location of the flame with a resolution of about 5°.
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