Published by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag

Volume 86 Issue 1

Issue of tm - Technisches Messen

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Contents
Journal Overview

Publicly Available December 20, 2018

Frontmatter

Page range: I-IV

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Beiträge

October 16, 2018

Measurement system and dataset for in-depth analysis of appliance energy consumption in industrial environment

Matthias Kahl, Veronika Krause, Rudolph Hackenberg, Anwar Ul Haq, Anton Horn, Hans-Arno Jacobsen, Thomas Kriechbaumer, Michael Petzenhauser, Mikhail Shamonin, Anton Udalzow

Page range: 1-13

Abstract

To support a rational and efficient use of electrical energy in residential and industrial environments, Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) provides several techniques to identify state and power consumption profiles of connected appliances. Design requirements for such systems include a low hardware and installations costs for residential, reliability and high-availability for industrial purposes, while keeping invasive interventions into the electrical infrastructure to a minimum. This work introduces a reference hardware setup that allows an in depth analysis of electrical energy consumption in industrial environments. To identify appliances and their consumption profile, appropriate identification algorithms are developed by the NILM community. To enable an evaluation of these algorithms on industrial appliances, we introduce the Laboratory-measured IndustriaL Appliance Characteristics (LILAC) dataset: 1302 measurements from one, two, and three concurrently running appliances of 15 appliance types, measured with the introduced testbed. To allow in-depth appliance consumption analysis, measurements were carried out with a sampling rate of 50 kHz and 16-bit amplitude resolution for voltage and current signals. We show in experiments that signal signatures, contained in the measurement data, allows one to distinguish the single measured electrical appliances with a baseline machine learning approach of nearly 100 % accuracy.

November 17, 2018

Energy management based on fractional open circuit and P-SSHI techniques for piezoelectric energy harvesting

Manel Zouari, Slim Naifar, Ghada Bouattour, Nabil Derbel, Olfa Kanoun

Page range: 14-24

Abstract

Self-powered energy management circuits make energy harvesting converters more efficient and more reliable. This paper presents an improvement of a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique applied on a Parallel Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor (P-SSHI) technique for piezoelectric vibration converters. The aims are to detect the unstable vibrational state, optimize the output voltage and maximize the output power of the piezoelectric transducer. First, the P-SSHI technique is implemented without an MPPT technique. Then, an MPPT technique based on Fractional Open Circuit (FOC) voltage method is implemented. An improvement of the FOC method is proposed to enhance the capability of the Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (PEH) system. The comparison between different simulation results shows that by using the same input parameters, the maximum efficiency for the PEH system based on the P-SSHI technique implemented without MPPT is 8.82 % whereas the maximum efficiency of the system based on the (FOC) voltage MPPT method is 13.77 %. A significant improvement of the PEH system is obtained by using the modified (FOC) method, where the efficiency reached 24.59 %.

November 30, 2018

The effect of precipitation and deposition layer growth on impedance measurements

Ronnie Anseth, Nils-Olav Skeie, Magne Waskaas

Page range: 25-33

Abstract

The objective of the study was to examine how precipitation and deposition layer growth in an electrochemical cell impact impedance measurements. A measurement system, based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), was used to observe the impedance of an electrochemical cell while precipitation was occurring. The measurement system was also used together with measurements of the solution concentration (in parts per million, ppm) to examine what impact deposition layer growth has on an electrochemical cell. Experimental results indicate a measurable change in the impedance magnitude as the ionic concentration is altered through precipitation. A change in both impedance magnitude and the interfacial capacitance was observed when a deposition layer was established within an electrochemical cell. Results show that impedance measurements are susceptible to changes in solution conductivity and to the presence of a deposition layer in an electrochemical cell. Impedance measurements may be used as an indicator for deposition layer growth, but changes in the solution concentration should be considered when creating a model.

November 30, 2018

Inversion of particle size distribution using the artificial fish swarm algorithm

Liang Shan, Liang Xu, Lixia Cao, Bo Hong, Daodang Wang, Tiantai Guo, Ming Kong

Page range: 34-44

Abstract

In the small-angle forward scattering technique, an inversion method of particle size distribution (PSD) using artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) is proposed, which can acquire optimal characteristic parameters of the PSD. Simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of AFSA, in which spheroidal particles of a unimodal distribution that conforms to Johnson’s SB{\mathrm{S}_{\mathrm{B}}} function is inversed at different levels of gaussian white noise. The comparison of the smooth objective function and non-smooth objective function of AFSA is conducted and discussed. The measurement system of the small-angle forward scattering based on Mie scattering theory is constructed and experiments are performed to verify the practicability of AFSA. A CCD sensor is adopted to receive the scattered light instead of the conventional photodetector. Pinhole is first proposed to replace standard particles and calibrate the measurement system, which can eliminate the influence of particle concentration. After the calibration experiments, the PSD of standardized polystyrene microspheres are measured and modified. Both the simulation and experiment results indicate that the PSD can be successfully inverted by AFSA with high reliability and stability in certain conditions, and the system calibration can further improve the inversion accuracy.

September 29, 2018

Parameterschätzung und Cramér-Rao-Schranken bei der berührungslosen Temperaturmessung

Dominik Exel, Bernhard Zagar, Stefan Schuster, Vera Ganglberger, Johann Reisinger

Page range: 45-56

Abstract

Zusammenfassung Eine Herausforderung bei der berührungslosen Temperaturmessung an metallischen Oberflächen ist der veränderliche Emissionsgrad. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass dieser Emissionsgrad meistens unbekannt und nur schwer bestimmbar ist. Dieser Beitrag zeigt eine Methode auf, wie man aus Messdaten einer Multispektralkamera die Temperatur eines Objektes mit geringer Unsicherheit schätzen kann, ohne dabei den Emissionsgrad explizit zu kennen. Es werden zwei Modelle für den Emissionsgrad hinsichtlich ihrer Modellfehler bei der Temperaturmessung vergleichend untersucht. Basierend auf diesen Modellen und dem Planck’schen Strahlungsgesetz ergibt sich jeweils ein Separable Least-Squares-Problem über das die Objekttemperatur geschätzt werden kann. Dabei kann es sinnvoll sein, den unbekannten spektralen Emissionsgrad über einen mittleren Emissionsgrad in den Modellen zu berücksichtigen. Weiters werden die Cramér-Rao-Schranken für die Temperaturschätzung angegeben und mit realen Messdaten und Simulationen verifiziert.

About this journal

Objective

The journal promotes dialogue between the developers of application-oriented sensors, measurement systems, and measurement methods and the manufacturers and measurement technologists who use them.

Topics

The manufacture and characteristics of new sensors for measurement technology in the industrial sector
New measurement methods
Hardware and software based processing and analysis of measurement signals to obtain measurement values
The outcomes of employing new measurement systems and methods