Published by De Gruyter

Volume 47 Issue 2

Issue of Tenside Surfactants Detergents

Contents
Journal Overview

Contents/Inhalt

April 5, 2013

Page range: 69-69

Abstracts

April 5, 2013

Abstracts

Page range: 70-72

Review

April 5, 2013

Analysis of Surfactants by Thin-Layer Chromatography: A Review

S. A. Bhawani, O. Sulaiman, R. Hashim, M. N. Mohamad Ibrahim

Page range: 73-80

Abstract

Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of surfactants is presented in this review. Various chromatographic systems useful for the identification, separation and quantification of surfactants are reported. New approaches in thin-layer chromatography enable analysts to separate and determine surfactants in complex mixtures (in various environmental samples). Thin-layer chromatographic methods are mainly used for the separation of surfactants either in the separation of different classes or separation of different groups within the same class.

“Green” Chemistry

April 5, 2013

Cleaning Agents: The Divide – Human Friendly vs Environmentally Friendly

T. C. Yeomans, N. McKeon, J. McKeon, E. B. Mitchell

Page range: 81-86

Abstract

The choice of purchasing an environmentally friendly or “green” cleaning product appears to be one that consumers are increasingly happy to make, however the reality is that environmentally friendly cleaners may contain ingredients that can adversely affect those people suffering from asthma and allergies. Confirming that a product will not adversely affect a user is not straightforward, there is little point to a cleaning product that is harmless to the consumer but is ineffective in its cleaning performance. However, adhering to strict guidelines regarding allowable concentrations of chemicals and other constituents may allow consumers to purchase a product that is both human (and environment) friendly as well as being effective. We discuss the basis by which cleaners may be assessed for suitability for those with asthma and allergies.

Physical Chemistry

April 5, 2013

Analysis of the Influence of Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant and Cosolvent Structure on Interfacial Tension in Aqueous Formulations versus n-Octane

S. Iglauer, Y. Wu, P. Shuler, Y. Tang, W. A. Goddard

Page range: 87-97

Abstract

We studied the influence of molecular structural elements of alkyl polyglycoside (APG) surfactants on the interfacial tension (IFT) in aqueous formulations against n-octane. This included the analysis of alkyl and aryl chain length, type and number of sugar-ring head, anomers, addition of cosolvents and effect of salt addition. We found that longer alkyl or aryl chains lead to lower IFT, consistent with data recorded for commercial (mixed) APGs. APGs with only one sugar-ring head had lower IFT than their analog maltose derivates (two-ring head). Intriguingly the stereochemistry of the sugar head (i.e. galactose versus glucose) and the type of anomer showed a significant influence on IFT. The n-octyl-α-D-glucopyranoside anomer had a lower IFT than the corresponding β-anomer. 1-octanol and 1-hexanol were efficient cosolvents consistent with the datasets observed for commercial APGs. Salt addition reduced IFT. Functional groups (aldehyde, amide-methoxy) integrated into the molecular architecture of the APG skeleton were efficient in terms of significantly reducing IFT, suggesting a strategy for the molecular design of advanced APG surfactants. We discuss the results in the context of the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept, which we modified so that IFT values are discussed instead of phase behavior.

April 5, 2013

Effect of Micellar Aggregates on the Kinetics of Dextrose Oxidation by N-Bromosuccinimide

Y. Katre, M. Singh, A. K. Singh

Page range: 98-105

Abstract

The kinetics of oxidation of dextrose by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) has been investigated in the presence of cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant in sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) medium. Similarly in absence of CTAB solution, the reaction followed fractional-, first-, and negative fractional-order kinetics with respect to [dextrose], [NBS] and [H 2 SO 4 ], respectively. Although the reaction mechanism remained unaltered by micelles, a typical k ψ -[CTAB] profile was observed, that is, with a progressive increase in [CTAB], the reaction rate increased, reached a maximum value, and then decreased. The results are treated quantitatively in terms of Berezin's model. Activation parameters were also evaluated and a negative value of ΔS # shows the formation of well-structured activated complex. The influence of salts on the reaction rates has also been seen. On the basis of product analysis, a pertinent mechanism is proposed.

April 5, 2013

Micellar Behaviour of Copper Surfactants Derived from Fresh (Untreated) Sesame Oil and Used (Treated at High Temperature) Sesame Oil

R. Sharma, R. Bhutra, S. Khan

Page range: 106-112

Abstract

Copper soaps have been prepared from fresh and used sesame oils. The formation of copper soaps has been confirmed by spectral technique. Micellar characterization of copper soaps has been studied by density, viscosity and ultrasonic measurements. The apparent molar volume and apparent molar compressibility have been enumerated at constant temperature using these data. The results were used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC), soap-solvent interaction. The results of apparent molar volume were discussed in terms of Masson's equation and the results of viscosity data have been discussed in terms of Jones-Dole equation. The CMC values are found to increase with decrease in average molecular weight of the soap. It has been observed that there is a decrease in soap-solvent interaction with the decrease in average molecular weight of copper soap.

Short Communication

April 5, 2013

Formula Design of Pesticide Microemulsion Formulation

Zhao Feng, Lu Shan, Xia Hong Ying, He Ji Ling

Page range: 113-118

Abstract

Microemulsions are regarded as one of the most promising pesticide formulations. However, formulation of pesticide microemulsions is not simple. Obtaining efficient, scientific and inexpensive formulation designs is challenging. In this work, cyhalothrin was used as a pesticide sample, and a systematic study on microemulsion formula design was carried out based on its pseudo-ternary phase diagram and the orthogonal design method. An explanation of the use of our approach is included to assist the formulator, and the development of a 5.28% w/w cyhalothrin microemulsion is described.

April 5, 2013

5-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-7H-indolo[1,2-a]quinolinium Perchlorate as a New Indicator for Anionic Surface Active Agents Determination

E. K. Wróblewska, M. Gąsiorowska, J. A. Soroka

Page range: 119-122

Abstract

5-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-7H-indolo[1,2-a]quinolinium perchlorate (Ia) was used as an indicator for anionic surface active agents determination in the manual direct two-phase titration according to the International Standard [ISO 2271:1989] Surface active agents. The solvatochromic dye (Ia) can successfully replace the recommended mixed indicator consisting of a mixture of Acid Blue I and carcinogenic dimidium bromide. The detection of the titration endpoint with use of this dye turned out much easier than with the use of the mixed indicator. The procedure was also modified replacing carcinogenic and mutagenic chloroform with less toxic dichloromethane. The concentrations of the anionic surface – active substances in few commercially available products were determined using modified two-phase titration method.

About this journal

Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers the most recent results of research and development in all fields of surfactant chemistry, such as: synthesis, analysis, physicochemical properties, new types of surfactants, progress in production processes, application-related problems and environmental behavior. Since 1964 Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers strictly peer-reviewed, high-quality articles by renowned specialists around the world.
All articles are subject to thorough, independent peer review.
Tenside Surfactants Detergents is the organ of the German Chemical Society (GDCh e.V.), Division "Chemie des Waschens".

Objective
Tenside Surfactants Detergents (TSD) publishes scientific manuscripts covering all aspects of chemistry, physics and application technology of surface-active substances (surfactants). The journal is aimed at scientists from industry, universities and research institutes who are actively involved in research work.

Topics

Physical chemistry of surfactants and surfactant mixtures in solutions and at interfaces
Analytical chemistry and synthesis of surfactants
Development of surfactants with special properties
Production of surfactants from renewable/microbiological resources
Novel "Green" Surfactants/Biosurfactants
Foams, Gels, Emulsions, Microemulsions
Application of surfactants in cleaning and body-care products, in pharmaceutical dosage forms, in agrochemicals and enhanced oil recovery
Development of sustainable cleaning products and cleaning techniques
Cleaning product safety and toxicology
Hygiene requirements for cleaning and personal care products
Consumer behavior in household cleaning
Development of cleaning products performance test methods

Subjects

Surfactant Chemistry
Colloid and Interface chemistry
Surface Chemistry
Textile chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Detergent and Cleaning Agent Production

Article formats
Original Research Papers, Review Articles, and Short Communications