Published by De Gruyter

Volume 50 Issue 3

Issue of Tenside Surfactants Detergents

Contents
Journal Overview

Contents/Inhalt

August 16, 2013

Page range: 155-155

Abstracts

August 16, 2013

Abstracts

Page range: 156-159

Review Article

August 16, 2013

Cost Effective Procedures for Extremely Efficient Synthesis of Environmental Friendly Surfactants

Afzal Shah, Azhar Hussain Shah, Shams-ul-Mahmood, Imdad Ullah, Zia-ur-Rehman

Page range: 160-168

Abstract

Für die Synthese von Tensiden mit bestimmten Eigenschaften werden verschiedene Vorgehensweisen der Synthese ausgearbeitet. In der gegenwärtigen Arbeit werden einige kostengünstige Vorgehensweisen mit reduzierter Anzahl an Reaktionsschritten zur äußerst effizienten Synthese biologisch abbaubarer und umweltfreundlicher Tenside diskutiert. Die in diesen Methoden verwendeten Ausgangsmaterialien stammen aus ökonomisch günstigen Quellen wie Monosacchariden, Harzsäuren, Fettsäuren etc. Kosten entstehen dann nur noch aufgrund des Einsatzes von Lösemitteln und Spezialreagenzien. Obwohl viele Naturprodukte bereits jetzt schon erhältlich sind, sind nur einige wenige für die Umsetzung zu Tensiden geeignet. Die Diskussion über die Herstellung von verschiedenen Tensiden für gängige Produkte ergibt sich aus der Tatsache, dass kein gutes Universaltensid für jede potentielle Anwendung erhältlich ist.

Application

August 16, 2013

Research the Oil Displacing Performance of Dodecyl Polyoxyethylene Ether Sulfonates at Difficult Conditions

Lifeng Chen, Xingkai Zhang

Page range: 169-174

Abstract

This paper evaluated the oil displacing performance of novel surfactants called dodecyl polyoxyethylene ethers sulfonates (AESO) at high-temperature, high-salinity and low-permeability reservoir conditions. We found that AESO-9 and AESO-12 with better thermal stability could create ultra-low interfacial tension (IFT) at high-temperature and high-salinity conditions, and the IFT was largely independent of both temperature and salinity. Compared to AES-12, temperature and salinity had much less effect on the emulsification property of AESO-12. The dynamic equilibrium adsorption capacity of AESO-12 was only 0.09 mg/g sand at 90 °C. The incremental recovery by only using AESO-12 could attain 8.81 % at difficult conditions. When the core permeability decreased to 2.67 × 10 −3 μm 2 , the incremental recovery by using the composite oil displacement agents based on AESO-12 could still attain 10.98 % at the temperature of 90 °C and the salinity of 60 g/L. In brief, AESO-12 exhibits excellent oil-displacement capacity at high-temperature, high-salinity and low-permeability reservoir conditions.

August 16, 2013

Research on Surfactant Flooding in High-temperature and High-salinity Reservoir for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Ming Zhou, Jinzhou Zhao, Xu Wang, Yan Yang

Page range: 175-181

Abstract

The aim of this work was to research the solution properties of a new surfactant flooding system for high temperature and high salinity reservoir, which include trimeric sulfonate surfactants 1,2,3-tri(2-oxypropyl sulfonation-3-alkylether-propoxyl) propanes (TTSS-n) and anion-nonionic surfactant NPSO [sodium nonyl phenol polyethyleneoxy ether sulfonate, (EO = 10)]. The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of five trimeric sulfonate surfactants were smaller than 400 mg L −1 . Furthermore, their interfacial tensions (IFTs) could reach an ultralow value with Tazhong 4 oil at lower concentrations. Through optimized formulation, we found that TTSS-12 had better properties and was selected as the major component of the surfactant flooding system. We designed an optimal formulation of the surfactant flooding system with 1 000 mg · L −1 TTSS-12 and 1 000 mg · L −1 NPSO surfactant. The system with a very small surfactant concentration could reach ultralow IFT with Tazhong 4 crude oils at high temperature (110 °C) and high concentration formation brine (112,228.8 mg/L TDS), which proved that the simpler component surfactant had better reservoir compatibility. NPSO could weaken the disadvantage of the surfactant TTSS-12 in oil/water interface. The stability of this surfactant flooding system was evaluated by aging time, static adsorption and chromatographic separation. All experiments showed that it still keeps ultralow IFT in high temperature and high salinity conditions. Coreflooding experimentation showed that average oil recovery reached 9.8 wt% by surfactant flooding, therefore, it is feasible to use as a surfactant flooding system for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

Environmental Chemistry

August 16, 2013

Determination of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Domestic, Commercial and Industrial soot samples

Yousaf Iqbal, Syed Muhammad Sohail, Imtiaz Ahmad, Khalid Saeed

Page range: 182-185

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in domestic, commercial and industrial soot samples via HPLC. The study showed that benzo[ a ]pyrene (bap) was not present in most of the samples. The highest quantity of BaP was found in Pakistan Particle Board where its concentration was 259.12 mg/kg. The high quantity of other PAHs such as chrysene (CHR), anthracene (ANT), fluorene (FL), naphthalene (NAP), phenanthrene (PHE), acenaphthylene (ACP) and flouranthene (FTH) were found in tandoor, kabab karayi, tabakhee, brick kiln and motor car soot samples. The low concentration of most of the PAH compounds in most of the samples might be due to their photooxidative, biological and microbial degradation.

Physical Chemistry

August 16, 2013

Effect of Oil/Water Mass Ratios on the Composition and Solubilization of Microemulsion Systems Containing Tween/Alcohol/Alkane/NaCl Solution

Qiushi Liao, Jinling Chai, Tingting Bai, Dan Wang, Hao Sun, Ning Liu

Page range: 186-191

Abstract

The composition and solubilization ability of microemulsion systems Tween (Tween 20, Tween 60, Tween 80)/1-butanol/decane/7.5 % NaCl solution at various oil/water mass ratios were studied. As oil/water mass ratios (α) increase, the solubility of the alcohol increases, and for the system containing Tween 60 or Tween 80, the mass fractions of the alcohol in the interfacial layer, A S , increase, whereas for the system containing Tween 20, the mass fractions of the alcohol in the interfacial layer, A S , decrease. Also, the solubilization ability ( SP ∗) of the microemulsion systems decreases. The solubilization ability of the microemulsion systems containing different Tween surfactants in descending order is Tween 60 > Tween 80 > Tween 20. The effects of alcohols and alkanes on the composition and solubilization abilities of microemulsion systems Tween/alcohol/alkane/NaCl solution were also investigated.

August 16, 2013

Properties of Binary Surfactant System of Alkyl Polyglycosides and α-Sulphonated Fatty Acid Methyl Ester

Peng Kang, Hujun Xu, Chunli Song

Page range: 192-198

Abstract

Surface tension, fluorescence, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering and viscosity measurements have been used to investigate the properties of binary surfactant system of alkyl polyglycosides (APG) and α-sulphonated fatty acid methyl ester (MES). Through surface tension measurements, critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the mixture for different mixing mole fractions is determined and the values are all lower than those of pure constituent surfactants. Ideal CMC, molecule interaction parameters β and B have been calculated, and all these parameters indicate nonideal behavior and attractive interactions between the surfactant molecules. The micelle aggregation numbers ( N agg ) and the zeta potential ( ζ ) values of the binary surfactant system fall between those of constituent surfactants. The hydrodynamic radius ( R h ) of mixed micelle first increases and then decreases with the addition of MES. All these results show that nonionic surfactants facilitate the formation of larger micelles. The viscosities ( η ) of the mixtures are all lower than those of the pure component surfactants and with the addition of sodium chloride, the viscosity of mixture first increases rapidly and then decreases.

August 16, 2013

Mixed Micellization and Surface Properties of Ionic Liquids/Triton X-100 Mixture System in Aqueous Media

Lei Sun, Chunyu Han, Chunsheng Liu, Genxiang Luo

Page range: 199-203

Abstract

Two binary systems of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and imidazolium ionic liquid surfactants with different carbon chain: C 12 mimBr (1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide) and C 14 mimBr (1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazoliumbromide) have been studied in this paper. The micellization and surface properties of the binary systems were determined by surface tension and conductivity methods, respectively. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), the maximum surface excess (Γ max ), minimum area per molecule (A min ) and surface pressure at the CMC (Π CMC ) of single and mixed systems were obtained. Rubingh's theory was used to calculate the composition of the mixtures, and the molecular interaction parameter β. Negative value of β indicates synergism in mixed micelle formation. The order of absolute value of β and average β: C 12 mimBr/Triton X-100 > C 14 mimBr/Triton X-100. The values of ΔG 0 m and ΔG 0 ads have also been calculated, and both of them were found to be negative in all pure and mixed surfactants, indicating the spontaneity of micellization and adsorption of the surfactants.

August 16, 2013

Preparation and Application of Cationic Surfactant Ion-selective Electrode

Guang-yu Yuan, Ji-rui Hou, Bi-xin Liu, Ye-yuan Luo

Page range: 204-208

Abstract

In this study, a cationic surfactant ion-selective electrode was prepared; its performance was determined. The electrode showed good Nernstian response to some kinds of cationic surfactants and had lower detection limits (10 − 6 mol/L order of magnitude). Potentiometric titration was employed to determine the concentrations of three cationic surfactants (DDMBAC, CTAB, OTMAC) using the electrode as indicator electrode and sodium tetraphenylborate solution as titrant. The titration results were satisfactory compared with the two-phase titration method. The relative errors between the electrode and two-phase titration were 2.12 %, 3.45 %, and 4.21 %, respectively. In addition, the electrode was used to determine the critical micelle concentration of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in organic solvent/water, and the CMC measured using the electrode method was nearly identical with that measured using the conductivity method.

Novel Surfactants

August 16, 2013

Synthesis and Properties of Monododecyl Diphenyl Methane Disulfonate

Feng-Mei Xing, Xiao-Chen Liu, Jin-Ping Niu, Xiao-Yu Wang

Page range: 209-213

Abstract

A gemini surfactant with asymmetric molecular structure, monododecyl diphenyl methane disulfonate surfactant (MDDMDS), was synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction of dodecanol with diphenyl methane in the presence of active bleach clay, followed by sulfonation with liquid sulfur trioxide. The surface activity, salinity and hardness tolerance, wettability alteration and spontaneous emulsification of this asymmetric gemini surfactant were investigated. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was 9.1 × 10 −5 mol · L −1 , the surface tension (γ cmc ) was 38.4 mN · m −1 . Sodium chloride tolerance and calcium chloride tolerance reached 20.55 wt.% and 17.01 wt.%, respectively. This surfactant altered the wettability of the PTFE-film surface from oil-wet to less oil-wet or intermediate wet and show preferable property of emulsifying the crude oil.

Technical Chemistry

August 16, 2013

The Wettability Alteration Behavior of Cationic Gemini Surfactants on Oil-aged Mica Mineral Surfaces

Rui Zhang, Jinwei Zhou, Lin Peng, Ni Qin, Zhongbin Ye

Page range: 214-218

Abstract

The wettability of oil reservoir rock will affect the oil recovery efficiency by reducing the capillary force. A Gemini cationic surfactant containing double dodecyl chains and two quaternary ammonium headgroups was synthetized and used as a new wetting alteration agent. This paper focuses on the wettability alteration of Gemini cationic surfactants on oil-aged mica mineral surface. The results of contact angle data show that Gemini cationic surfactant have great wettability to alter oil-aged mica surfaces to mid-wetting even weakly water-wet. The adsorption morphology by atomic force microscopy shows that the degree of wettability alteration is mainly dependent on the coverage areas of surfactant molecules. Gemini surfactant formed monolayer on oil-aged mica surface and the monolayer has the trend to from a compact film with increasing concentration. Compared with the single chain surfactant, Gemini surfactant has stronger ability to alter oil-aged surfaces. Considering the flooding experiment in lab results, this Gemini surfactant might be a good choice to be used in chemical flooding.

About this journal

Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers the most recent results of research and development in all fields of surfactant chemistry, such as: synthesis, analysis, physicochemical properties, new types of surfactants, progress in production processes, application-related problems and environmental behavior. Since 1964 Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers strictly peer-reviewed, high-quality articles by renowned specialists around the world.
All articles are subject to thorough, independent peer review.
Tenside Surfactants Detergents is the organ of the German Chemical Society (GDCh e.V.), Division "Chemie des Waschens".

Objective
Tenside Surfactants Detergents (TSD) publishes scientific manuscripts covering all aspects of chemistry, physics and application technology of surface-active substances (surfactants). The journal is aimed at scientists from industry, universities and research institutes who are actively involved in research work.

Topics

Physical chemistry of surfactants and surfactant mixtures in solutions and at interfaces
Analytical chemistry and synthesis of surfactants
Development of surfactants with special properties
Production of surfactants from renewable/microbiological resources
Novel "Green" Surfactants/Biosurfactants
Foams, Gels, Emulsions, Microemulsions
Application of surfactants in cleaning and body-care products, in pharmaceutical dosage forms, in agrochemicals and enhanced oil recovery
Development of sustainable cleaning products and cleaning techniques
Cleaning product safety and toxicology
Hygiene requirements for cleaning and personal care products
Consumer behavior in household cleaning
Development of cleaning products performance test methods

Subjects

Surfactant Chemistry
Colloid and Interface chemistry
Surface Chemistry
Textile chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Detergent and Cleaning Agent Production

Article formats
Original Research Papers, Review Articles, and Short Communications