Published by De Gruyter

Volume 53 Issue 2

Issue of Tenside Surfactants Detergents

Contents
Journal Overview

Contents/Inhalt

March 11, 2016

Page range: 111-111

Application

March 11, 2016

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Microbial Communities in Household Dishwashers in Germany

Britta Brands, Marlitt Honisch, Nadine Merettig, Sandra Bichler, Rainer Stamminger, Jörg Kinnius, Monika Seifert, Ingo Hardacker, Arnd Kessler, Mirko Weide, Noelle Wrubbel, Dirk P. Bockmühl

Page range: 112-118

Abstract

The proper cleaning of used dishes provides an essential means to maintain a sufficient hygiene level on food contact surfaces. However, little is known on the microbiological quality of domestic dishwashers themselves, especially in relation to consumer habits. This study investigated dishwashers in German households to analyse the number and composition of microbial colonisers and their putative impact on dishwashing hygiene. Although the microbiological status of dishwashers appeared to depend on multiple factors, data suggest that a trend towards lower temperatures might effect in a decreased hygiene.

Molecular Dynamics

March 11, 2016

Mesoscopic Simulations on the Aggregate Behavior of Oligomeric Adamantane Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions

Jingrui Chen, Chufen Yang, Jianwei Guo, Dongyu Zhu, Shuqin Fu, Zhe Yang, Xing Zhong

Page range: 120-126

Abstract

Oligomeric adamantane surfactants are novel surfactants using rigid adamantane as spacer group, which can form a variety of scales and shapes of micelles and aggregates in aqueous solution. In this paper, the self-assembling aggregate behavior of N,N-dimethyl dodecyl ammonium bromide adamantine [Ad-(NC 12 Br)], 1,3-di(N,N-dimethyl dodecyl ammonium bromide) adamantine [Ad-(NC 12 Br) 2 ] and 1,3,5-tri-(N,N-dimethyl dodecyl ammonium bromide) adamantine [Ad-(NC 12 Br) 3 ] in aqueous solution is studied by mesoscopic simulations of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). The simulation results show that the critical micelle concentrations of the three adamantane oligomeric surfactants is in the order of [Ad-(NC 12 Br) 3 ] < [Ad-(NC 12 Br) 2 ] < [Ad-(NC 12 Br)]. The three oligomeric adamantane surfactants are able to form aggregates with a variety of spatial structures, such as spherical micelles, vesicles, lamellas, reticular lamellas, column lamellas or steric reticules in response to different surfactant concentrations in the aqueous solution.

Novel Surfactants

March 11, 2016

Synthesis, Surface Activity and Application Properties of a Novel Ethoxylated Gemini Trisiloxane Surfactant

Zhongli Peng, Hui Zeng

Page range: 127-133

Abstract

A novel ethoxylated gemini trisiloxane surfactant B whose general formula is of RO(CH 2 CH 2 O) 8.7 R [R = Me 3 SiOSiMe(CH 2 ) 3 · OSiMe 3 ] has been synthesized using polyethylene glycol 400, 3-chloropropylene and 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane as main raw materials. This compound was structurally characterized by ESI-MS, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. Its surface activity and application properties containing spreading performance and hydrolysis resistance were also measured. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and the surface tension of surfactant B solution at CAC (γ CAC ) of are 2.63 × 10 −6 mol L −1 and 20.7 mN m −1 , respectively. This CAC is only one-tenth of the CAC of the Υ-shaped ethoxylated double-tail trisiloxane surfactant 1P , where CAC was replaced with critical micelle concentration (CMC), indicating that surfactant B has an extremely high surface activity. The spreading ability (SA) of its solution (5 × 10 −3 mol L −1 ) within 1 min over Parafilm, PE film and ficus microcarpa leaves is 23.9, 45.7 and 59.8, respectively, suggesting that this surfactant has a better SA than 1P and possesses superspreading. This surfactant also possesses a stronger hydrolysis resistance than 1P ; for instance, in pH 10.0 environment for 86 days. The surface tension of surfactant B solution has been no more than 6 percent of its initial value. It is suggested that the excellent interfacial properties of surfactant B is related to its U-shaped conformation in water.

March 11, 2016

Synthesis and Surface Active Properties of Novel Oligomer Betaine Surfactants

Ming Zhou, Zhou Huang, Shuang Yu, Yan Yang, Yongsheng Huang, Dan Qiu, Jinzhou Zhao

Page range: 134-139

Abstract

A new type of oligomer betaine surfactants pentasodium N,N′,N″-alkyl diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid containing five carboxylate groups, three quaternary ammonium groups and three hydrophobic groups was synthesized by alkaline neutralization reaction and quaternization with diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid, sodium hydroxide and long chain alkyl bromide as main raw materials. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by FTIR, 1 H NMR, MS spectroscopy and elementary analysis. With the increasing length of the carbon chain, the CMC of the synthesized compounds initially decreased. The surface active properties of these compounds were superior to that of the single chain betaine surfactants rich as decyl dimethyl betaine. The efficiency of adsorption at the water/air interface (pC 20 ) of these surfactants was very high. It is found that the shorter hydrocarbon chain length of oligomer betaine surfactants, the faster the rate of reduction of surface tension, and the bigger the aggregation number of oligomer betaine surfactants are. Their foaming properties and wetting ability toward a felt chip, and lime-soap dispersing ability were investigated.

March 11, 2016

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Phenol-Based Anionic Gemini Amphiphiles: Studying Their Influence in the Preparation of Cu₂O nanoparticles

Fawzia I. El-dib, Ammona S. Mohamed, Abdallah A. El-Sawy, Dalia E. Mohamed, Nermeen M. Abdelhalim

Page range: 140-147

Abstract

A series of phenol-based anionic gemini amphiphiles called α,ω -bis ( m -dodecanoyl benzene sulfonate) with different spacers (C 12 -E n -C 12 ) where n = 1, 2, 3 has been synthesized via three steps of reaction: (1) acylation of phenol by dodecanoic acid using trifluromethane sulfonic acid as a catalyst, (2) tosylation of mono, di and triethylene glycol, then (3) coupling of tosylated ethylene glycols with acylated phenol, followed by sulphonation of the prepared compounds. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed using elementary analysis and different spectroscopic techniques including FTIR and 1 H-NMR spectra. Also an evaluation of surface activity for the synthesized compounds has been determined including: surface and interfacial tension, foaming height, emulsification power, critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness and efficiency. The prepared surfactants were used in the synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles. The crystal structure, average particle size and morphology were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

Scale Inhibition

March 11, 2016

Preparation of a Multifunctional Terpolymer Inhibitor for CaCO₃ and BaSO₄ in Oil Fields

Yanmei Liu, Yuming Zhou, Qingzhao Yao, Huchuan Wang, Zhen Wu, Yiyi Chen, Liu Liu, Chongyang Yang, Wendao Wu, Wei Sun

Page range: 148-156

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to inhibit the formation of calcium carbonate and barium sulfate scales which are common but unwanted crystalline products in the production of oil from off-shore rigs. A multifunctional antiscalant APES/AA/AMPS was prepared by reaction of acrylic acid, ammonium allylpolyethoxy sulphate and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid with different molar ratios. The experimental results showed that the polymer has high performance towards scales, nearly 90 % for CaCO 3 and 87 % for BaSO 4 respectively by static scale inhibition tests. The crystals of scales were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. According to the changes of the crystal shape, size and morphology, the inhibition mechanisms of complexation and adsorption between the inhibitor and the crystal surface were proposed.

March 11, 2016

Experimental and Theoretical Study on Corrosion Inhibition of Mild steel in 20 % Formic Acid Solution Using Schiff Base-Based Cationic Gemini Surfactant

Mohammad Mobin, Sheerin Masroor

Page range: 157-167

Abstract

The paper investigates the adsorption and corrosion inhibition behavior of Schiff base-based cationic gemini surfactant bis-[p-(N,N,N-dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) benzylidene]thiourea, designated as (12-S-12) on mild steel in 20 % formic acid solution in the temperature range of 30 – 60 °C. The synthesized inhibitor was characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The adsorption and corrosion inhibition mechanism of the inhibitor was elaborated using weight loss measurements, solvent analysis of iron ions, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance measurements, measurement of thermodynamic/kinetic parameters and quantum chemical calculations. The surface morphology of the corroded mild steel specimen was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The inhibition efficiency of the compound was found to vary with the inhibitor concentration and temperature. The inhibitor was found to be a mixed type inhibitor. Adsorption process on mild steel surface followed Langmuir's model adsorption isotherm.

Physical Chemistry

March 11, 2016

Dipeptide Glycyl-Glycine (Gly-Gly)–Ninhydrin Reaction: Effect of Alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) (16-s-16, s = 4, 5, 6) Gemini Surfactants on the Reaction Rate

Dileep Kumar, Kian-Eang Neo, Malik Abdul Rub

Page range: 168-175

Abstract

The present work concerns with the effect of alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) gemini surfactants on the reaction rate of ninhydrin with glycyl-glycine. The spectra showed peaks at 400 nm and 570 nm in aqueous and aqueous–micellar media indicating the formation of the same product. Under pseudo-first-order conditions of excess ninhydrin, the reaction followed an irreversible first- and fractional-order kinetics with respect to [Gly-Gly] and [ninhydrin]. Also, the rate constants ( k ψ ) increases and leveling-off regions are found with [geminis] (akin to conventional cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), a third-region of increasing k ψ is observed at higher [geminis]. The kinetic data in gemini micellar medium have been examined with the pseudo-phase model.

March 11, 2016

Interactions of Cellulase and Oleic Acid Solution Mixtures

Ahmed Yehia, Sawsan Abd El-Halim, Hayat Sharada, Mohamed Abdel Khalek, Mayar Ammar

Page range: 176-181

Abstract

The interaction of oleic acid, as an anionic detergent, with cellulase has been investigated using different techniques (surface tension, turbidity and FTIR). The surface tension measurements show that the CMC of the oleic acid-cellulase mixture is lower than that of the individual components. The interaction in this case is defined as attractive and the mixture exhibits synergism. Also, it is found that the area per molecule for the oleic acid/cellulase mixed isotherm is lower than area of the pure oleic acid. This decrease in the area/molecule is due to the arrangement of cellulase molecules in-between the oleic acid chains. Turbidity measurements indicate the formation of two complexes. Complex 1 is obtained at low oleic concentrations (< 10 −4 M) with compact size giving a high turbidity. Complex 2 is formed at higher oleic concentrations (> 10 −4 M) where the formed aggregates were precipitated and the turbidity was decreased. The changes in the FTIR spectrum features of cellulase after oleic acid addition indicate an interaction between cellulase and oleic acid in their mixture.

March 11, 2016

Effect of Surfactants on Hydrolysis of Mono-N-ethyl-o-toluidine Phosphate

Homeshwari Yadav, S. A. Bhoite, A. K. Singh

Page range: 182-194

Abstract

Hydrolysis of phosphate ester (Mono-N-ethyl- o -toluidine phosphate) in the presence of different surfactants has been studied at 303 K. The rate of reaction has been found to be first-order and fractional order kinetics with respect to [substrate] and [HCl] respectively. The cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), anionic micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nonionic micelles of Brij-35 enhanced the rate of reaction to a maximum value and thereafter, the increase in concentration of surfactant decreased the reaction rate. The rate of reaction increased with increase of dielectric constant of the medium. The variation in the rate of hydrolysis by micelles was treated by considering the Menger-Portnoy, Piszkiewicz's and Berezin kinetic models. The various thermodynamic parameters have also been evaluated. The added salts viz KCl, KNO 3 , K 2 SO 4 enhanced the rate of reaction in the presence of cationic, anionic and non-ionic micelles. The kinetic parameters i. e. micellar phase ( k Ψ ) and binding constant ( K S ) were determined from the rate (surfactant) profile.

March 11, 2016

Thermodynamic Solution Properties of Benzalkonium Chloride in Aqueous and Ethanolic Media and its Interactions with Organized Assemblies of Anionic Surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate and Amino Acids

Khalid Mahmood, Muhammad Shakeel, Mohammad Siddiq, Muhammad Usman

Page range: 195-204

Abstract

This manuscript reports the physicochemical behaviour of antimicrobial cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BAC) as well as its interaction with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate in term of mixed micelle. Surface activity of pure BAC was studied by measuring the surface parameters i. e. surface pressure (Π), surface excess concentration (Γ), area per molecule and standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔG ads ). The electrical conductivity was measured to calculate the thermodynamic parameters like free energy of micellization, ΔG m , enthalpy of micellization, ΔH m and entropy of micellization, ΔS m . The interaction of the drug with sodium dodecyl sulfate was studied, in term of mixed micelle, by electrical conductivity and UV/Visible spectroscopy. Spectroscopic method helps to calculate the partition coefficient (K x ) and free energy of partition, while the conductivity method is helpful to calculate thermodynamic parameters of their interaction. The effect of different amino acids on CMC of BAC has also been studied.

About this journal

Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers the most recent results of research and development in all fields of surfactant chemistry, such as: synthesis, analysis, physicochemical properties, new types of surfactants, progress in production processes, application-related problems and environmental behavior. Since 1964 Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers strictly peer-reviewed, high-quality articles by renowned specialists around the world.
All articles are subject to thorough, independent peer review.
Tenside Surfactants Detergents is the organ of the German Chemical Society (GDCh e.V.), Division "Chemie des Waschens".

Objective
Tenside Surfactants Detergents (TSD) publishes scientific manuscripts covering all aspects of chemistry, physics and application technology of surface-active substances (surfactants). The journal is aimed at scientists from industry, universities and research institutes who are actively involved in research work.

Topics

Physical chemistry of surfactants and surfactant mixtures in solutions and at interfaces
Analytical chemistry and synthesis of surfactants
Development of surfactants with special properties
Production of surfactants from renewable/microbiological resources
Novel "Green" Surfactants/Biosurfactants
Foams, Gels, Emulsions, Microemulsions
Application of surfactants in cleaning and body-care products, in pharmaceutical dosage forms, in agrochemicals and enhanced oil recovery
Development of sustainable cleaning products and cleaning techniques
Cleaning product safety and toxicology
Hygiene requirements for cleaning and personal care products
Consumer behavior in household cleaning
Development of cleaning products performance test methods

Subjects

Surfactant Chemistry
Colloid and Interface chemistry
Surface Chemistry
Textile chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Detergent and Cleaning Agent Production

Article formats
Original Research Papers, Review Articles, and Short Communications

Volume 53 Issue 2

Issue of Tenside Surfactants Detergents

Contents

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Microbial Communities in Household Dishwashers in Germany

Abstract

Mesoscopic Simulations on the Aggregate Behavior of Oligomeric Adamantane Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

Synthesis, Surface Activity and Application Properties of a Novel Ethoxylated Gemini Trisiloxane Surfactant

Abstract

Synthesis and Surface Active Properties of Novel Oligomer Betaine Surfactants

Abstract

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Phenol-Based Anionic Gemini Amphiphiles: Studying Their Influence in the Preparation of Cu2O nanoparticles

Abstract

Preparation of a Multifunctional Terpolymer Inhibitor for CaCO3 and BaSO4 in Oil Fields

Abstract

Experimental and Theoretical Study on Corrosion Inhibition of Mild steel in 20 % Formic Acid Solution Using Schiff Base-Based Cationic Gemini Surfactant

Abstract

Dipeptide Glycyl-Glycine (Gly-Gly)–Ninhydrin Reaction: Effect of Alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) (16-s-16, s = 4, 5, 6) Gemini Surfactants on the Reaction Rate

Abstract

Interactions of Cellulase and Oleic Acid Solution Mixtures

Abstract

Effect of Surfactants on Hydrolysis of Mono-N-ethyl-o-toluidine Phosphate

Abstract

Thermodynamic Solution Properties of Benzalkonium Chloride in Aqueous and Ethanolic Media and its Interactions with Organized Assemblies of Anionic Surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate and Amino Acids

Abstract

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Phenol-Based Anionic Gemini Amphiphiles: Studying Their Influence in the Preparation of Cu₂O nanoparticles

Preparation of a Multifunctional Terpolymer Inhibitor for CaCO₃ and BaSO₄ in Oil Fields