Published by De Gruyter

Volume 55 Issue 6

Issue of Tenside Surfactants Detergents

Contents
Journal Overview

Contents/Inhalt

November 16, 2018

Contents/Inhalt

Page range: 423-423

Short Communication

November 16, 2018

Obsolescence of Large Household Appliances in Germany

Franziska Seyffert, Lara Belke, Rainer Stamminger

Page range: 424-431

Abstract

Even though the duration of usage of large household appliances is found to be an average of 13 years in Germany, the data also shows that the proportion of large household devices which are already defective within the first five years has increased in the last decade. Material, functional, psychological and economic obsolescence are defined and discussed to explain this behaviour. The aim of this study is to identify consumer behaviour and motivation in the use and disposal of two major household appliances. Furthermore, whether the devices were disposed for reasons of economy, functionality or defect will be determined. A survey of 1,972 respondents was run online and on paper to collect quantitative data about consumer behaviour regarding the disposal of household appliances such as washing machines and dishwashers throughout their lifecycle in Germany. The data gathered will help to clarify if there is a connection between the disposal principle and the device price category and age. It was found that the main reason for disposal of a device is a defect, which is mostly not repaired because of additional costs which might be higher compared to a new purchase when the lifecycle is considered.

Review Article

November 16, 2018

Quaternary Alkylammonium Salts as Cleaning and Disinfectant Agents

Bogumił E. Brycki, Iwona H. Kowalczyk, Adrianna M. Szulc, Justyna A. Brycka

Page range: 432-438

Abstract

Monomeric and dimeric quaternary alkylammonium salts are a wide group of cationic surfactants with prominent surface, biocidal and anticorrosion properties. The methods of synthesis, structure and behavior in solution of these compounds is presented in the article. Antimicrobial activity, biodegradability, toxicity, aquatoxicity and hemolytic activity of quaternary alkylammonium salts is discussed. The preparation, application and antimicrobial activity of cleaning and disinfectant products containing alkylammonium salts are described in details. A special attention has been devoted to EU regulations concerning biocidal products. The alkylammonium salts that can be used in biocidal products, placed on the list in Article 95 of the Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR) are given. Maximum residue limits (MRL) for didecyldimethylammonium chloride and benzalkonium chloride are given and commented.

Application

November 16, 2018

Effect of N-dodecyl-N-(propylpiperydinium-3-sulfonate) on Usage Properties of Liquid Soaps for Sensitive Skin

Emilia Klimaszewska, Daria Wieczorek, Małgorzata Zięba, Anna Małysa, Katarzyna Staszak, Dobrawa Kwaśniewska, Katarzyna Adamczyk, Katarzyna Drzymala, Adam Dobrowolski

Page range: 439-446

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of N-dodecyl-N-(propylpiperidinium-3-sulfonate) on the physico-chemical and functional properties of liquid soaps for sensitive skin. The studied materials consisted of originally formulated liquid soaps containing amphoteric surfactants including cocamidopropyl betaine and newly synthesized sulfobetaine in the following ratios: 0 : 0, 1 : 1, 0 : 2 and 2 : 0. The aim of study was to examine the effects of the additive on the surface tension of aqueous soap solutions, wetting properties, dynamic viscosity, emulsification of fatty soils, foaming properties, antimicrobial characteristics and skin irritation potential. It is shown that the liquid soaps obtained in the study effectively reduce the surface tension of water – which may indicate good washing properties – and demonstrated desirable wetting properties. The application of N-dodecyl-N-(propylpiperidinium-3-sulfonate) in cosmetic formulations makes it possible to obtain products with the required viscosity, fat emulsification capacity and foaming properties. It needs to be emphasized that sulfobetaines added to the prototypical liquid soaps also demonstrate antibacterial characteristics and reduce the skin irritant effect caused by anionic surfactants.

Surfactant Analysis

Open Access November 16, 2018

Characterization of Tween^® Surfactants by MALDI TOF-MS and High Performance Liquid Chromatography in a Ternary Mobile Phase

Shazia Abrar, Bernd Trathnigg, Sadia Javed, Shumaila Kiran, Tahsin Gulzar

Page range: 447-454

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Abstract

Different hydrophobic and hydrophilic functionalities are produced in the reaction mixture of Tween ® surfactants which affect the physiochemical properties of the final product. Only hydrophilic fractions and monoesters were separated in the binary mobile phase. MALDI TOF-MS of Tween ® 40 revealed the identification of peaks separated in binary mobile phase (methanol-water). Liquid adsorption chromatography was performed on a gradient system on a Synergi TM fusion reverse phase column. Mobile phase composition used for this separation was a ternary phase gradient starting from 41 % methanol, 47 % acetone and going to 96 % acetone for the analysis time of 60 minutes. In the ternary mobile phase, gradient all the species such as polyethylene glycol, sorbitan and isosorbide ethoxylates, mono-, di- and triesters of sorbitan and isosorbide ethoxylates were well resolved in an of 60 minutes analysis time. The above separation mechanism can be employed for the analysis of polymeric multifunctional surfactant compositions.

Novel Surfactants

November 16, 2018

Hyperbranched Polyamidoamine Surfactants: Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation as Biocides

Tawfik M. Kassem, El-Sayed Ahmed Soliman, Ammona S. Mohamed, Dalia E. Mohamed, Fatma M. Abdelhafiz

Page range: 455-466

Abstract

Different generations of cationic hyperbranched quaternary ammonium polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) with methyl ester end group (G-0.5, G 0.5, G1.5 and G 2.5) were synthesized. Preparation of these dendrimers was carried out via alternative steps of an aza Michael addition reaction (of piperazine as core center molecule) and amidation reaction by ethylene diamine. Each aza Michael addition step was followed by a quaternization step using alkyl bromide with different chain length (4, 8 or 12) carbon atoms. The chemical structures of the prepared dendrimers were confirmed using FTIR, 1 H-NMR spectra and elemental analysis for two generations as representative compounds. Also their surface activity has been studied and their surface parameters including surface and interfacial tension, emulsification power, critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, efficiency, maximum surface excess and minimum surface area were determined. The prepared quaternized dendrimers were tested as antimicrobial agents against different strains of bacteria, yeast and fungi. The results showed a significant antimicrobial efficacy of the synthesized surfactants.

November 16, 2018

Fermentative Production of Sophorolipid and Purification by Adsorption Chromatography

Pinky Samtani, Jagruti Jadhav, Sandeep Kale, Amit P. Pratap

Page range: 467-476

Abstract

A sophorolipid (glycolipid biosurfactant from Starmerella bombicola ) has valuable properties in addition to surface active attributes. This sophorolipid was produced as a secondary metabolite by submerged fermentation using hydrophobic (sunflower oil) and hydrophilic (glucose) substrate. The present work investigates the effect of inoculum age, oil feed and incubation period to increase sophorolipid yield. The highest yield of sophorolipid by sunflower oil was accomplished with an inoculum age of 60 h. Maximum substrate consumption and sophorolipid yield were found near about 200 h. At optimized fermentation conditions, 19.2 g/L yield of sophorolipid was achieved. The lactonic sophorolipid which is the major component of crude sophorolipid was separated and purified by adsorption chromatography. Normal phase and reverse phase resin were compared for adsorptive purification among which reverse phase resin provides better purification with 69 % recovery. Further surfactant and antimicrobial properties of crude sophorolipid were studied.

Physical Chemistry

November 16, 2018

A Comparison Study on the Phase Behavior and Solubilization between C_n(Bim)₂-2Br-Butyric Acid and C_nmimBr-Butyric Acid Microemulsion Systems

Dan Qin, Jiao Wang, Hao Sun, Miaomiao Song, Jinling Chai

Page range: 477-483

Abstract

The solubility, interfacial composition and solubilization ability of microemulsions containing gemini 1,4-bis(3-alkylimidazolium-1-yl) butane bromide [C n (Bim) 2 -2Br]/butyric acid were studied and compared with that of microemulsions containing 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (C n mimBr)/butyric acid. The solubilities of butyric acid ( S A ), and the mass fractions of butyric acid in the interfacial layer( A S ) decrease, while the solubilization parameters ( SP *) increase with the increase in the carbon chain length of the surfactants in C n (Bim) 2 -2Br based and C n mimBr based microemulsions. A comparison of the gemini C n (Bim) 2 -2Br microemulsions with C n mimBr microemulsions indicates that the values of S A and A S are in the order: C n (Bim) 2 -2Br < C n mimBr, while SP * values are C n (Bim) 2 -2Br > C n mimBr. With salinity increasing, the values of S A and A S decrease, while SP * values increase. With the increase in the alkyl chain length of the oil molecules, the S A values increase, A S and SP* values decrease. Temperature has less influence on the values of S A , A S and SP* of microemulsions containing C n (Bim) 2 -2Br/butyric acid.

November 16, 2018

Effect of Alkyl Tail Length of Alpha Olefin Sulfonates on Foam Properties

Long Bai, Yong Wang, Xiaochen Liu, Yawen Zhou, Jinping Niu

Page range: 484-490

Abstract

The effect of alkyl tail length on the foam properties of alpha olefin sulfonates (AOS) in aqueous solutions at various concentrations was investigated by measurements of the foamability, foam stability and bubble size and numbers, obtained from conductivity and image analyses techniques based on FoamScan foam analyzer. It was found that foamability and foam stability of C n AOS (n = 14–16, 16–18, 20–24) first increase and then decrease with increase in the carbon chain length, showing an optimum for a length of n = 16–18. The foamability and foam stability of AOS increase with increasing of surfactant concentration. This is due to the fact that the adsorbed quantity of surfactant molecules increases at the air/water interface with the increase of concentration. In addition, it was found that the bubble size produced by C 16–18 AOS is smaller than that of C 14–16 AOS.

November 16, 2018

Impact of Spacer and Hydrophobic Tail on Interfacial and Rheological Properties of Cationic Amido-Amine Gemini Surfactants for EOR Application

Muhammad Shahzad Kamal, S. M. Shakil Hussain, Lionel Talley Fogang, Abdullah S. Sultan

Page range: 491-497

Abstract

The impact of spacer length, spacer rigidity, trans and cis conformation of spacer double bond, and hydrophobic tail length of amido-amine cationic gemini surfactants was investigated by means of interfacial and rheological properties. For the study, six cationic amido-amine gemini surfactants were synthesized and used a cationic polyacrylamide. The interfacial tension (IFT) of the surfactants between crude oil and water was measured as a function of the surfactant concentration. It has been observed that the nature of the spacer and hydrophobic moiety have a significant effect on the oil/water interfacial tension. Rheological measurements of the surfactant-polymer hybrid system were performed at various surfactant concentrations, shear rates and temperatures. All synthesized cationic gemini surfactants were compatible with the cationic polyacrylamide since no precipitates were observed. By increasing the surfactant concentration, the storage modulus, as well as viscous properties of the cationic polyacrylamide, decreased at all temperatures because of the effect of charge shielding. On the other hand, the effect of concentration of surfactant was only significant at low shear rates. The storage modulus and viscous properties of the cationic polyacrylamide were also decreased significantly upon increasing surfactant tail length (C 12 to C 18 ). However, spacer rigidity, length, and conformation of spacer double bond caused a slight decrease in the storage modulus and viscous properties of cationic polyacrylamide. IFT, rheological properties, and compatibility tests showed huge potential of investigated surfactant-polymer system for enhanced oil production.

Environmental Chemistry

November 16, 2018

Role of Surfactants Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (CPC) and Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) in the Reverse Micellar Extraction of Ternary Mixture of Acid Dyes from Textile Effluent

Narinderjit Kaur, Sangeeta Sharma, Ekta Khosla

Page range: 498-503

Abstract

Textile industry produces colored effluent which is the major cause of water pollution. Removal of color from effluent is very important before discharging. Extraction of ternary mixture of anionic dyes, namely, Acid Orange 7 (AO-7), Acid Blue 1(AB-1) and Acid Yellow 17 (AY-17) was carried out from aqueous solutions using reverse micelles of Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (CPC) and Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in isoamyl alcohol. Extraction efficiency of CPC and CTAB was studied under various experimental conditions, such as pH of feed solution, concentration of surfactant, extraction time, temperature and initial dye concentration. Under the optimized experimental conditions, 93–98 % of dyes were extracted. It was observed that CTAB is more efficient than CPC for extraction of dyes from aqueous medium.

About this journal

Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers the most recent results of research and development in all fields of surfactant chemistry, such as: synthesis, analysis, physicochemical properties, new types of surfactants, progress in production processes, application-related problems and environmental behavior. Since 1964 Tenside Surfactants Detergents offers strictly peer-reviewed, high-quality articles by renowned specialists around the world.
All articles are subject to thorough, independent peer review.
Tenside Surfactants Detergents is the organ of the German Chemical Society (GDCh e.V.), Division "Chemie des Waschens".

Objective
Tenside Surfactants Detergents (TSD) publishes scientific manuscripts covering all aspects of chemistry, physics and application technology of surface-active substances (surfactants). The journal is aimed at scientists from industry, universities and research institutes who are actively involved in research work.

Topics

Physical chemistry of surfactants and surfactant mixtures in solutions and at interfaces
Analytical chemistry and synthesis of surfactants
Development of surfactants with special properties
Production of surfactants from renewable/microbiological resources
Novel "Green" Surfactants/Biosurfactants
Foams, Gels, Emulsions, Microemulsions
Application of surfactants in cleaning and body-care products, in pharmaceutical dosage forms, in agrochemicals and enhanced oil recovery
Development of sustainable cleaning products and cleaning techniques
Cleaning product safety and toxicology
Hygiene requirements for cleaning and personal care products
Consumer behavior in household cleaning
Development of cleaning products performance test methods

Subjects

Surfactant Chemistry
Colloid and Interface chemistry
Surface Chemistry
Textile chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Detergent and Cleaning Agent Production

Article formats
Original Research Papers, Review Articles, and Short Communications

Volume 55 Issue 6

Issue of Tenside Surfactants Detergents

Contents/Inhalt

Obsolescence of Large Household Appliances in Germany

Abstract

Quaternary Alkylammonium Salts as Cleaning and Disinfectant Agents

Abstract

Effect of N-dodecyl-N-(propylpiperydinium-3-sulfonate) on Usage Properties of Liquid Soaps for Sensitive Skin

Abstract

Characterization of Tween® Surfactants by MALDI TOF-MS and High Performance Liquid Chromatography in a Ternary Mobile Phase

Abstract

Hyperbranched Polyamidoamine Surfactants: Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation as Biocides

Abstract

Fermentative Production of Sophorolipid and Purification by Adsorption Chromatography

Abstract

A Comparison Study on the Phase Behavior and Solubilization between Cn(Bim)2-2Br-Butyric Acid and CnmimBr-Butyric Acid Microemulsion Systems

Abstract

Effect of Alkyl Tail Length of Alpha Olefin Sulfonates on Foam Properties

Abstract

Impact of Spacer and Hydrophobic Tail on Interfacial and Rheological Properties of Cationic Amido-Amine Gemini Surfactants for EOR Application

Abstract

Role of Surfactants Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (CPC) and Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) in the Reverse Micellar Extraction of Ternary Mixture of Acid Dyes from Textile Effluent

Abstract

Characterization of Tween^® Surfactants by MALDI TOF-MS and High Performance Liquid Chromatography in a Ternary Mobile Phase

A Comparison Study on the Phase Behavior and Solubilization between C_n(Bim)₂-2Br-Butyric Acid and C_nmimBr-Butyric Acid Microemulsion Systems