Published since January 1, 1863

Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde

ISSN: 2196-713X

Edited by: Susanne Bickel, Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert, Antonio Loprieno, Stefan Pfeiffer

Editorial Board: John Baines, Elke Blumenthal, Julia Budka, Richard Parkinson, Kim Ryholt, Stephan Johannes Seidlmayer, Jean Winand, Tonio Sebastian Richter

About this journal

The "Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde", the oldest Egyptological journal, covers the whole field of Egyptology including Demotic, Coptic and Meroitic studies. The contributions examine the language, history, religion, art, and material culture of the ancient Nile valley. In addition, they deal with the history of Egyptology and with Egypt's influence on contemporary and later cultures.

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Volume 149 Issue 1

June 2022

Publicly Available June 1, 2022

Titelseiten

Page range: i-iii

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June 1, 2022

Modelling the Dynamics of Ancient Egyptian State During the Old Kingdom Period: Hidden Markov Models and Social Network Analysis

Miroslav Bárta, Veronika Dulíková, Radek Mařík, Matej Cibuľa

Page range: 1-16

Abstract

The present study aims to outline new, more adjusted approaches of research addressing social complexity of past societies. In doing so, we use varied evidence to detect major ‘leap events’ in the history of ancient Egypt which were reflected by the state administration and its fluctuating complexity. The archaeological and inscriptional evidence shows that crucial changes in history had a non-linear, punctuated character. To reveal their true character, newly developed mathematical models have been applied. The analyses of early complex civilisations have made a noticeable progress recently. The current scholarship pays significant attention to a processual approach, description of the dynamics and its interpretation against the specific background formed by varied datasets originating from disciplines such as archaeology, history, art history, philology or environmental sciences to name but a few of the most relevant ones. Within this context, Old Kingdom Egypt evidence is reassessed using specific methods of analysis and interpretation. The ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom (2592–2120 BC), one of the earliest territorial states on this planet, is still frequently considered to be a homogenous continuum of isolated historical events manifested in various forms of architecture, art or religion. Some recent studies applied to its study put emphasis on a non-linear, ‘punctuated approach’ which appears to provide some new important perspectives on this traditional problem. The application of modern mathematical methods based on Hidden Markov Models and Social Network Analysis significantly changes this view. These methods have the potential to detail a vivid, heterogenous process of historical progress as a punctuated equilibria model, as a non-linear system with changing dynamics of its development in time. In this process, human agency, the rise and fluctuation of complexity and particular strategies of different social groups played significant roles and can be detected with the help of impartial approaches. The emerging picture can be used not only to describe the evolution of a past society but also for comparative purposes when studying the dynamics of past or present societies.

June 1, 2022

The Reference to the Leasing of Land on Stela Krakow National Museum MNK-XI-999 from the First Intermediate Period

Arkadiy Demidchik

Page range: 17-22

Abstract

Our knowledge regarding the practice of land lease in Egypt of the III–II millennia BC still remains very patchy. To date, the oldest evidence of its existence are considered to be the Heqanakht letters from the Middle Kingdom. The article argues, however, that oblique references to it occurred as early as in the First Intermediate Period, and simply have not yet been recognized as such. In the autobiographical inscription of the overseer of butchers Merer, the collocation is being shown to be about land lease; Merer’s risk-management strategy against too low inundations was akin to that of Heqanakht. The situation reported in the inscription of the overseer of priests Rehui (Manchester 5052) is reminiscent of that described in the demotic literary story of Djedher (p British Museum EA 69532, ll. 6−9).

June 1, 2022

Ein seltenes Epitheton des Gottes Chons-in–Theben-Nfr-ḥtp im Tempel von Dakke

Abraham Ignacio Fernández-Pichel

Page range: 23-30

Abstract

This article presents the typological analogies between two scenes from the temple of Dakka in Lower Nubia representing the Theban triad in its forms of Amun-Re of Abaton, Mut of Isheru and Chonsu m Wȝst Nfr-ḥtp . The unparalleled use in these scenes of an epithet of the god Chonsu in relation to the diospolite region (Seventh nome of Upper Egypt), restored through Richard Lepsius’ handwritten copy of the scene located in the pronaos of the temple, allows us to witness the theological synthesis in Dakka between Theban Chonsu and Neferhotep from Hu. An analysis of the late documentation, mainly from Karnak, allows us to testify to the direct theological connections between these divinities and their various thematic analogies.

Open Access June 1, 2022

Versatzstücke eines Hymnus an den Sonnen- und Schöpfergott (O. Lg Ae BJF 31a, O. ANAsh.Mus. H.O. 302+342 etc. und Lied Nr. 100 des Großen Leidener Liederzyklus I 350)

Eine Gegengabe

Hans-W. Fischer-Elfert

Page range: 31-35

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Abstract

The purpose of this communication is to show that the recently published ostracon Lg Ae BJF 31a in Basle/Switzerland carries fragments of a hymn to the sun- and creator god Amun-Re instead of a prayer. A couple of parallels on other ostraca and the collection of numerical hymns on pLeiden I 350 can be adduced to justify its attribution to the hymnic genre.

June 1, 2022

Eine allzu lange 2. Zwischenzeit?

Die ersten Bemühungen zur Erstellung einer ägyptischen Chronologie, der falsche Uranios und Richard Lepsius als Historiker

Thomas L. Gertzen

Page range: 36-43

Abstract

In the 1830s, Ch. C. J. von Bunsen began to establish “Egypt’s place in universal history”. Initially he collaborated with C. R. Lepsius until by the earlier 1840s both men recognised insurmountable difficulties concerning chronology. Regardless, Lepsius praised Bunsen’s publication though he took exception to some details – in particular, rejecting Bunsen’s attribution of 900 years to the Hyksos Period. Shortly thereafter, a recently discovered history of Egypt by the Greek author Uranios was offered to the Berlin Academy. Initially Lepsius favoured its acquisition, but later he helped prove the text was a forgery, pointing specifically to the duration of the Hyksos-era, paralleling Bunsen’s publication which was among the possessions of K. Simonides, the suspected forger. The article discusses the respective legacies of Bunsen and Lepsius in Egyptological historiography.

June 1, 2022

A Prosopographical Study of the im Title Holders down to the End of the Old Kingdom

Part 2 – Corpus

Daniel González León

Page range: 44-55

Abstract

The first part of this paper was published in the second issue of ZÄS 148 (2021). The sources of the im title were presented in order to examine their nature, their provenance, and the social and historical context of the title’s holder. This second part contains the actual prosopographical list consisting of 37 entries, namely the documentation which supports the contents of Part 1.

Open Access June 1, 2022

Die Verkleidung der Cheopspyramide fiel durch Menschenhand, nicht durch das Erdbeben von 1303!

Erhart Graefe

Page range: 56-59

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Abstract

The recently published opinion that the casing stones of the pyramid of Khufu had collapsed after the big earthquake of 1303 AD cannot be maintained.

June 1, 2022

Syntactic and Semantic Parallelism in Ptolemaic Hieroglyphic Texts

Haitham Madkour

Page range: 60-71

Abstract

This article presents a linguistic analysis of parallelism as a stylistic device in Ptolemaic hieroglyphic texts. It concentrates on the syntactic and semantic parallelism, using different texts from the Ptolemaic and Roman temples.

Open Access June 1, 2022

Hieroglyphische Hermeneutik

Ein dreifacher Kulturkontakt im byzantinischen 12. Jh. n. Chr.

Ludwig D. Morenz

Page range: 72-79

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Abstract

Following the tradition of ancient hieroglyphic reception, the Byzantine author Ioannes Tzetzes from the 12 th century AD used a list of Egyptian hieroglyphs for his commentary on the Iliad for Homer exegesis. The signs and their composition produce a special web of meaning in which relationships to the Iliad can be seen, most clearly in the hieroglyphic ARCH and the theme of the battle for Troy. At the same time, this is not a simple exegesis, but an intercultural bridging of Ancient Egypt – Hellas – Byzantium.

June 1, 2022

Die Morphologie der Verben für “sitzen” und “stehen” in den oberägyptischen koptischen Dialekten

Carsten Peust

Page range: 80-90

Abstract

Unlike the principal Coptic dialects Sahidic and Bohairic, in which the two verbs for “to sit” and “to stand” possess just a single form each, the Southern Coptic dialects (Akhmimic, Lycopolitan, dialect P ) have preserved a formal distinction between the infinitive and the stative in both verbs. This information remains hidden in a few text editions, is not widely known and not reflected in current handbooks. The present paper traces the original morphological distinction for both verbs in the major textual witnesses of the South, as well as the progressive morphological collapse that lead to the uniform shapes of these verbs in the dominant dialects. Finally, an etymology is suggested for the puzzling Sahidic standard form ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ “to sit”.

Open Access June 1, 2022

Klassisch-ägyptische Texte in späthieratischem Gewande

Zwischen Kontinuität und Innovation

Joachim Friedrich Quack

Page range: 91-105

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Abstract

After a global discussion about the sense of the term ‘Égyptien de tradition’, a number of special features of classical Egyptian texts written in Late Hieratic are presented. It is demonstrated that often an orthographical innovation overlays the fundamentally unchanged grammatical structure. A special focus is put on particles, where e. g. it is demonstrated that a writing is likely to be a strange orthography for the particle . In the verb, gemination is largely abandoned, and the distinction between and is no longer fully functional.

Open Access June 1, 2022

Amduat und Klassisches Himmelsbild (zu Amduat 325–328, 396–399 und 757–758)

Alexandra von Lieven

Page range: 106-121

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Abstract

In the Fourth Hour of the Great Amduat, the group of deities 325 to 328 are identified as forms of Orion, Sothis and the planet Venus in disguise. This leads to some general observations on Venus and to a lesser extent Mercury within Egyptian Religious Astronomy. As the scene in question is one of only three that is made up of complete figures in red ink in the version of Thutmosis III, it is investigated what might link these three scenes. Ultimately, a possible connection to issues of time measurement is proposed. Another one of these three scenes in red ink is in the Fifth Hour. It concerns figures 396 to 399 holding four crowns on their knees. This scene provides some ties with conceptions prominent for example in Edfu. The four crowns together form the -crown often attested for Horus of Edfu. As the astral form of this god is Venus, the Fourth and Fifth Hours prove to be closely bonded.

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Ahead of Print / Just Accepted

Volume 149 (2022)

Issue 1

Volume 148 (2021)

Volume 147 (2020)

Volume 146 (2019)

Volume 145 (2018)

Volume 144 (2017)

Volume 143 (2016)

Volume 142 (2015)

Volume 141 (2014)

Volume 140 (2013)

Volume 139 (2012)

Volume 138 (2011)

Volume 137 (2010)

Volume 136 (2009)

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Editorial

Edited by

Susanne Bickel, Basel
Hans-W. Fischer-Elfert, Leipzig
Antonio Loprieno, Basel
Sebastian Richter, Berlin

Editorial Board

John Baines, Oxford
Elke Blumenthal, Leipzig
Julia Budka, Wien
Richard Parkinson, Oxford
Kim Ryholt, København
Stephan Seidlmayer, Kairo
Jean Winand, Liège

Address of Editorial Office:

Dr. Ines Köhler
Universität Leipzig
Ägyptologisches Institut
–Georg Steindorff–
Goethestr. 2
04109 Leipzig
Tel.: 0341-973 78 19
Fax: 0341-973 70 29
E-Mail: ines.koehler@uni-leipzig.de

(Deutsch)

Online ISSN: 2196-713X
Print ISSN: 0044-216X
Type: Journal
Languages: German, Multiple languages
Publisher: De Gruyter (A)
First published: January 1, 1863
Publication Frequency: 2 Issues per Year

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Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde

Titelseiten

Modelling the Dynamics of Ancient Egyptian State During the Old Kingdom Period: Hidden Markov Models and Social Network Analysis

Abstract

The Reference to the Leasing of Land on Stela Krakow National Museum MNK-XI-999 from the First Intermediate Period

Abstract

Ein seltenes Epitheton des Gottes Chons-in–Theben-Nfr-ḥtp im Tempel von Dakke

Abstract

Versatzstücke eines Hymnus an den Sonnen- und Schöpfergott (O. Lg Ae BJF 31a, O. ANAsh.Mus. H.O. 302+342 etc. und Lied Nr. 100 des Großen Leidener Liederzyklus I 350)

Eine Gegengabe

Abstract

Eine allzu lange 2. Zwischenzeit?

Die ersten Bemühungen zur Erstellung einer ägyptischen Chronologie, der falsche Uranios und Richard Lepsius als Historiker

Abstract

A Prosopographical Study of the im Title Holders down to the End of the Old Kingdom

Part 2 – Corpus

Abstract

Die Verkleidung der Cheopspyramide fiel durch Menschenhand, nicht durch das Erdbeben von 1303!

Abstract

Syntactic and Semantic Parallelism in Ptolemaic Hieroglyphic Texts

Abstract

Hieroglyphische Hermeneutik

Ein dreifacher Kulturkontakt im byzantinischen 12. Jh. n. Chr.

Abstract

Die Morphologie der Verben für “sitzen” und “stehen” in den oberägyptischen koptischen Dialekten

Abstract

Klassisch-ägyptische Texte in späthieratischem Gewande

Zwischen Kontinuität und Innovation

Abstract

Amduat und Klassisches Himmelsbild (zu Amduat 325–328, 396–399 und 757–758)

Abstract