Published by De Gruyter

Volume 32 Issue 3-4

Issue of Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A

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Contents
Journal Overview

Open Access June 2, 2014

Light-Particle-Accompanied Fission and the Three-Center Shell-Model

Josef Hahn, Hans-Jürgen Lustig, Walter Greiner

Page range: 215-222

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Abstract

Light-particle accompanied fission is expected to yield results from which one hopes to learn more about binary scission configurations. As a step in this direction, we present a model that allows the calculation of the probabilities with which a given three-particle setup follows from different binary configurations. First results show the workability of the model.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Zum Gedankenexperiment von Einstein , Podolsky und Rosen

M. Weber

Page range: 223-228

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Abstract

The EPR-gedankenexperiment in the general case of systems with angular momentum of arbitrary magnitude is analyzed within the quantum theoretical measuring process. With respect to the time reversal symmetry of the systems under consideration it will be shown that the contradictions between the EPR experiment and quantum theory do not occur.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Zur indirekten Bestimmung der Fundamentalkonstanten

H. Zygan

Page range: 229-232

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Abstract

In determining the fundamental constants by indirect measurements one should not assume that a possible inaccuracy of the involved theories -in whatever respect this could occur -must inevitably result in at least one evident discrepancy between theory and experiment of the same order of magnitude.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Vorschlag eines Weges zur einheitlichen Beschreibung der Elementarteilchen / Recommendation of a Way to a Unified Description of Elementary Particles

Burkhard Heim

Page range: 233-243

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Abstract

This paper presents a concise overview of a voluminous theoretical study whose subject is a unified description of elementary particles. First of all, the empirical basis of the theoretical deliberations is presented and the most promising logical path is explored. Proceeding from equivalence principles and the fact that a unified description of the material world must be a unified theory of elementary particles a path is sketched that leads from a classical gravitation theory and a nonhermitian quantum structure theory to a representation of unified terms in a 6-dimensional carrier space of a Hilbert space. The equivalence of mass terms and the eigenvalue spectrum is then discussed. The necessity of a polymetric structure theory is developed from the cosmogeny of a protouniverse. A further demonstration shows that the consequent realisation of such a polymetric representation allows the separation from the pseudo-continuum of the discrete point spectrum of ponderable mass terms (to be interpreted as elementary particles) of all possible energetic field masses. This provides the desired unified description of the characteristics of the elementary particles. From this description it is evident that these elementary particles appear as final units. Structural characteristics are determined by complicated time expanded inner structures that, among other things, determine radioactive decay. This overview introduces the developmental paths as a work that evidently leads to a unified quantum field theory of matter and gravitation.

Open Access June 2, 2014

A Relativistic Model for Isobar Configurations in the Two-Nucleon System

H. Arenhövel

Page range: 244-251

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Abstract

A relativistic description of isobar configurations in the two-nucleon system is obtained by phe-nomenologically extending the Bethe-Salpeter-equation to channels comprising configurations of internally excited nucleons. The generalized equation is then reduced by standard methods to a three-dimensional relativistic equation. Various possible off-mass-shell extrapolations involved in this reduction are discussed. The best choice seems to be where the relative energy of the two particles is fixed to zero. Then all diagonal and transition OBE-interactions do not contain any retardation and have the normal Yukawa range.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Pseudopotential Theory for Molecules

Levente Szasz

Page range: 252-263

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Abstract

The new exact formulation of the pseudopotential theory developed in several previous publications is used to formulate a comprehensive pseudopotential theory of molecules. It is assumed that the pseudopotential theory can be applied to molecules in which there are n valence electrons plus cores which are the same in the molecule as in the separated atoms. Using the exact pseudopotential formulation it is shown that the molecular model Hamiltonian of the n valence electrons can be built up from the model Hamiltonians of the valence electrons of the separated atoms. The model Hamiltonian is written in terms of simple model potentials. For the determination of the model potentials simple rules are derived. It is shown that the model potentials, in which the many-valence-electron effects are fully taken into account can be determined using the Hartree-Fock data for the separated neutral atoms. It is shown that the molecular model Hamiltonian is removed from the exact one by two approximations which are shown to be accurate if the model potentials are properly chosen. The computational procedures are elucidated by discussing the examples of the molecules Cl 2 , Hg 2 and HgH.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Vector Polarization Induced by a Viscous Gas Flow in a Magnetic Field

W. E. Köhler

Page range: 264-269

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Abstract

It is shown that a viscous flow of a polyatomic gas in a magnetic field can give rise to a vector polarization of the molecular rotational angular momenta. This viscomagnetic vector polarization is calculated from an appropriate set of moment equations pertaining to the linearized Waldmann-Snider equation. In particular, the transverse effect is discussed and an estimate of its order of magnitude is given for nitrogen.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Spektrographische Bestimmung von Halogenspuren mit Hilfe einer Impulsquelle Einfluß von Natur und Druck des umgebenden Gases / Determination of Halogens by means of Emission Spectroscopy with a Pulsed Source. Influence of the Nature and Pressure of the Surrounding Gas

G. Heshmat-Chaaban, Cl. Triché

Page range: 270-275

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Abstract

A high power pulsed source has been employed for emission spectrographic determination of halogens. The experiments were conducted in various gases (rare or diatomic gas). This method may be applied to all metalloids. The sensitivity can be improved in comparison with that obtained in air under normal pressure: 100 ppm instead of 400 for fluorine (He: 460 Torr), 1 ppm instead of 10 for the bromine (Ar: 380 Torr). Depending on the nature and pressure of the working-gas, collisions of the second kind or quenching collisions are predominant.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Selfconsistent Optimization of Molecular Geometries by Semi-empirical Force Field MethodII. Relaxational Effects Accompanying Torsion in Formamide

Roman F. Nalewajski

Page range: 276-284

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Abstract

The geometry relaxation effects accompanying the internal rotation in formamide are investigated using the selfconsistent MINDO force field procedure 1 . The results of test calculations of H 2 O 2 are also briefly summarized. The relaxation appears to be necessary for the barrier to the NH 2 in version in formamide to be obtained. The calculated fully optimized equilibrium geometries of CHONH 2 and H 2 O 2 are in good agreement with experiment. However, during the rotation geo metry variations appear to be quite large. Application to formamide shows that torsion and in version are strongly coupled. The nature of the barriers calculated is analyzed in terms of the MINDO energy partitioning. Finally, it is shown that the frozen-frame variations of the charges on atoms and dipole moment of formamide, are strongly affected by the geometry optimization during rotation.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Phase Transitions in Caesium n.C₅-n.C₁₂ Alkanoates

M. Sanesi, P. Ferloni, M. Zangen, P. Franzosini

Page range: 285-288

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Abstract

DSC analysis was performed on caesium n.C 5 -n.C 12 alkanoates between 330 and about 700 K. The temperatures of clearing and/or melting, and of solid state transitions were evaluated together with the associated heat effects. The occurrence of metastable melting was also put into evidence for the higher terms of the series.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Die Beeinflussung des Erwartungswertes 〈R^-1〉für H-Atome durch die Zahl der verwendeten GTO-Basisfunktionen und deren Optimierung / The Dependence of the Expectation Value 〈R^-1〉of H-atoms on the Number and Optimization of the GTO-functions

H. Sterk, J. J. Suschnigg

Page range: 289-291

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Abstract

It has been shown that the number of GTO-functions on each H-atom has no remarkable in fluence on the expectation value 〈R -1 〉- and therefore on the chemical shift - when the GTO-functions are energy optimized. An alteration of the GTO-functions leads to a fluctuation which is relatively insignificant if three s-functions are used for each H-atom.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Non Linear Dependence of the First Ionization Energy of Diphenylsulphides and Diphenylethers on σ_P⁺ Constants

G. Buemi, S. Pignataro, G. Spunta

Page range: 292-294

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Abstract

The first ionization energy of several mono and bisubstituted diphenylsulphides and diphenylethers have been measured by photoelectron spectroscopy and plotted against o substituent constants. A sinusoidal dependence has been found in all cases. Such finding has been interpreted as probably due to conformational variations of the diphenylsulphide and diphenylether systems with the substituent.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Density of States for a Three-dimensional Disordered Alloy

D. Pumpernik, B. Borštnik, M. Kertesz, A. Ažman

Page range: 295-298

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Abstract

Densities of states for three-dimensional models of binary alloys are calculated with a method based on the negative eigenvalue theorem. Comparison is made with the densities of states obtained by diagonalizations of the Hamiltonian for a certain number of physically different clusters of impurities.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Toroidal Oscilation in a 3-Variable Abstract Reaction System

Otto E. Rössler

Page range: 299-301

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Abstract

An example of a chemical reaction system producing a type of oscillation that is close to a quasi-periodic oscillation is presented. Such system may help clarify the relationship between quasi-periodicity and chaos.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Photoablösung von Elektronen der Ionen B^-, Ga^-, In^-, Tl^-, Ge^-, Sn^- und Pb^- / Photodetachment of Electrons of the Ions B^-, Ga^-, In^-, Tl^-, Ge^-, Sn^- and Pb^-

D. Feldmann, R. Rackwitz, E. Heinicke, H. J. Kaiser

Page range: 302-306

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Abstract

The photodetachment cross sections have been measured in the photon energy range between 0.5 eV and 3 eV using a crossed beam apparatus with a conventional light source.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Enhancement of the Scattering Intensity for the Hyper-Raman Effect in Connection with Statistical Properties of the Excitation Light Source

K. Altmann, G. Strey

Page range: 307-318

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Abstract

The scattering intensity for the hyper-Raman effect is found to depend on statistical properties of the excitation light source. In close correspondence to the two-photon absorption process also for the hyper-Raman effect there arises an amplification factor of 3/2 up to 2 for the superposition of two or an infinite number, respectively, of incoherent light waves, polarized parallel. This result is derived in semiclassical terms so that the origin of the effect can be followed more clearly than in quantum electrodynamical calculations. It is shown that natural light in nonlinear optics can be represented mathematically alternatively by superposing linearly or circularly polarized light waves as in linear optics, but with the important modification that one should superpose an infinite number of incoherent components instead of only two of them. A new experimental method is proposed to observe the hyper-Raman effect using the mode locking technique. It is shown that the scattering intensity can be increased in this way by a factor of approximately ⅔ M where M is the number of modes coupled together with a constant frequency separation ⊿ω.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Causality Violation and Non-local Generalization of the Lorentz-Dirac Equation

P. Alber, W. Heudorfer, M. Sorg

Page range: 319-326

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Abstract

It is demonstrated by a concrete example (constant force of finite duration) that the recently proposed, non-local equation of motion for the radiating electron does exhibit the effect of causality violation. This phenomenon, which occurs in the non-local theory in form of self-oscillations, is however less severe than in the Lorentz-Dirac theory, if only physically reasonable forces are admitted.

Open Access June 2, 2014

The Anisotropy Function η(T) in Al-Cu and Al-Zn Alloys

Constantin Papastaikoudis

Page range: 327-328

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Abstract

The anisotropy function η(T) for Al-Cu and Al-Zn alloys is determinated experimentally and compared with the theo retical results of Kagan and Zhernov.

Open Access June 2, 2014

On the Thermal Behaviour of Long-chain Potassium n.alkanoates

P. Ferloni, G. Spinolo, M. Zangen, P. Franzosini

Page range: 329-331

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Abstract

Differential scanning calorimetry was performed between 110 K and the isotropic melt region on potassium n.alka-noates from octanoate to dodecanoate. Clearing, melting and (crystalline) solid state transition temperatures and heat effects were measured. In the higher homologues the occur rence of phases (likely “waxy”) intermediate between crystalline solid and mesomorphic liquid could also be argued. The phase relationships are discussed in comparison with some roentgenographic and microscopic results of previous authors.

Open Access June 2, 2014

A Double Hard Sphere Model of Supercooled Liquid Gallium

B. R. Orton

Page range: 332-334

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Abstract

A double hard sphere model, already successfully applied to liquid Ge and Sb, has been used to reproduce the inter ference function of supercooled liquid Ga at 23 °C. The model interference function was composed of two partial interference functions which corresponded to packing den sities of 0.50 and 0.47 and diameters 2.78 Å and 2.25 Å. Additional justification for the model has been found in recent theoretical work.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Kinetic Modulational Instability of Upper-hybrid Turbulence

P. K. Shukla, M. Y. Yu, S. G. Tagare

Page range: 335-336

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Abstract

It is shown that a plasma containing randomly distributed non-interacting upper-hybrid waves can become unstable against ion quasi-modes. The growth rate of the instability is presented.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Some Properties of the Mixing Parameter in the Analysis of Molecular Vibrations

T. R. Ananthakrishnan

Page range: 337-338

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Abstract

A mathematical proof is given for the range - π/4<Φ<+π/4 of the mixing parameter Φ in the case of vibrational problems of order two. The parameters Φ and corresponding to the cases before and after isotopic substitution of atoms in molecules are shown to be related as tan Φ = A tan tan - B, where A and B are terms depending upon the molecular structure and vibrational frequencies.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Spin-Bahn-Kopplungseffekte in nicht-ebenen Biarylen / Spin-orbit Coupling Effects in Non-planar Biaryls

M. Zander

Page range: 339-340

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Abstract

The non-planar biaryls 2,2′-dimethyl-biphenyl, 1,1′-bi-naphthyl and 9,9′-biphenanthryl have higher phosphorescence/fluorescence quantum yield ratios than biphenyl, naphthalene and phenanthrene respectively. The increase of spin-orbit coupling in 1,1′-binaphthyl in comparison to naphthalene results in an increase of the phosphorescence transition probability while the triplet formation quantum yield is not enhanced. The much weaker effect of an external heavy atom pertuber on the spin-forbidden electronic tran sition rate probabilities in the case of 1,1′-binaphthyl in comparison to naphthalene is explained on the basis of a weaker charge-transfer interaction between luminescer and pertuber in the case of binaphthyl.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Phänomenologische Betrachtungen zum Strahlungsgesetz / A Phenomenological Extension of the Radiation Law

Hermann Hartmann

Page range: 341-342

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Abstract

The phenomenological inclusion of an elementary length leads to a generalized radion law, which includes Plancks and Eulers laws as limiting cases.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Reversed Kinetic Isotope Effect during Penetration of Cathodic Hydrogen/Deuterium into NiCu30 Alloy

H. J. Bauer, J. Grosselfinger, M. Zwick

Page range: 343-344

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Abstract

The cathodic charging with H/D of a NiCu alloy containing 30 At.-% Cu followed by magnetic measurements indicates that D penetrates faster into the alloy than H.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Variations in Nuclear Decay Rates

K.-P. Dostal, M. Nagel, D. Pabst

Page range: 345-361

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Abstract

This paper is intended to provide a concise introductory review of the fundamental principles underlying the higher-order effects of nuclear decay rate variations which may be produced by physical or chemical means. The first part of the paper embraces the theoretical foundations of the subject matter, and the second deals with methodological and experimental questions. Several tables summarize published experimental results and the pertinent literature.

Open Access June 2, 2014

The Schrödinger Equation — 50 Years Later

A Survey of Current Research Problems

A. O. Barut

Page range: 362-374

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About this journal

Objective
A Journal of Physical Sciences: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A (ZNA) is an international scientific journal which publishes original research papers from all areas of experimental and theoretical physics. Authors are encouraged to pay particular attention to a clear exposition of their respective subject, addressing a wide readership. In accordance with the name of our journal, which means “Journal for Natural Sciences”, manuscripts submitted to ZNA should have a tangible connection to actual physical phenomena. In particular, we welcome experiment-oriented contributions.

Manuscripts considered for publication in A Journal of Physical Sciences: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A undergo high-level refereeing. Mere formal correctness of a paper is not sufficient for its acceptance. Moreover, articles reporting a merely marginal extension of already existing knowledge are considered unsatisfactory. Instead, the key quality a publication in A Journal of Physical Sciences: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A should possess is that it makes a genuine contribution to the advancement of its topic.

Topics

Atomic, Molecular & Chemical Physics
Dynamical Systems & Nonlinear Phenomena
Gravitation & Cosmology
Hydrodynamics
Quantum Theory
Solid State Physics & Materials Science
Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics

Article formats
Original research articles, research notes, letters and review articles from all areas of theoretical and experimental physics

Information on submission process

Volume 32 Issue 3-4

Issue of Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A

Light-Particle-Accompanied Fission and the Three-Center Shell-Model

Abstract

Zum Gedankenexperiment von Einstein , Podolsky und Rosen

Abstract

Zur indirekten Bestimmung der Fundamentalkonstanten

Abstract

Vorschlag eines Weges zur einheitlichen Beschreibung der Elementarteilchen / Recommendation of a Way to a Unified Description of Elementary Particles

Abstract

A Relativistic Model for Isobar Configurations in the Two-Nucleon System

Abstract

Pseudopotential Theory for Molecules

Abstract

Vector Polarization Induced by a Viscous Gas Flow in a Magnetic Field

Abstract

Spektrographische Bestimmung von Halogenspuren mit Hilfe einer Impulsquelle Einfluß von Natur und Druck des umgebenden Gases / Determination of Halogens by means of Emission Spectroscopy with a Pulsed Source. Influence of the Nature and Pressure of the Surrounding Gas

Abstract

Selfconsistent Optimization of Molecular Geometries by Semi-empirical Force Field MethodII. Relaxational Effects Accompanying Torsion in Formamide

Abstract

Phase Transitions in Caesium n.C5-n.C12 Alkanoates

Abstract

Die Beeinflussung des Erwartungswertes 〈R-1〉für H-Atome durch die Zahl der verwendeten GTO-Basisfunktionen und deren Optimierung / The Dependence of the Expectation Value 〈R-1〉of H-atoms on the Number and Optimization of the GTO-functions

Abstract

Non Linear Dependence of the First Ionization Energy of Diphenylsulphides and Diphenylethers on σP+ Constants

Abstract

Density of States for a Three-dimensional Disordered Alloy

Abstract

Toroidal Oscilation in a 3-Variable Abstract Reaction System

Abstract

Photoablösung von Elektronen der Ionen B-, Ga-, In-, Tl-, Ge-, Sn- und Pb- / Photodetachment of Electrons of the Ions B-, Ga-, In-, Tl-, Ge-, Sn- and Pb-

Abstract

Enhancement of the Scattering Intensity for the Hyper-Raman Effect in Connection with Statistical Properties of the Excitation Light Source

Abstract

Causality Violation and Non-local Generalization of the Lorentz-Dirac Equation

Abstract

The Anisotropy Function η(T) in Al-Cu and Al-Zn Alloys

Abstract

On the Thermal Behaviour of Long-chain Potassium n.alkanoates

Abstract

A Double Hard Sphere Model of Supercooled Liquid Gallium

Abstract

Kinetic Modulational Instability of Upper-hybrid Turbulence

Abstract

Some Properties of the Mixing Parameter in the Analysis of Molecular Vibrations

Abstract

Spin-Bahn-Kopplungseffekte in nicht-ebenen Biarylen / Spin-orbit Coupling Effects in Non-planar Biaryls

Abstract

Phänomenologische Betrachtungen zum Strahlungsgesetz / A Phenomenological Extension of the Radiation Law

Abstract

Reversed Kinetic Isotope Effect during Penetration of Cathodic Hydrogen/Deuterium into NiCu30 Alloy

Abstract

Variations in Nuclear Decay Rates

Abstract

The Schrödinger Equation — 50 Years Later

A Survey of Current Research Problems

Phase Transitions in Caesium n.C₅-n.C₁₂ Alkanoates

Die Beeinflussung des Erwartungswertes 〈R^-1〉für H-Atome durch die Zahl der verwendeten GTO-Basisfunktionen und deren Optimierung / The Dependence of the Expectation Value 〈R^-1〉of H-atoms on the Number and Optimization of the GTO-functions

Non Linear Dependence of the First Ionization Energy of Diphenylsulphides and Diphenylethers on σ_P⁺ Constants

Photoablösung von Elektronen der Ionen B^-, Ga^-, In^-, Tl^-, Ge^-, Sn^- und Pb^- / Photodetachment of Electrons of the Ions B^-, Ga^-, In^-, Tl^-, Ge^-, Sn^- and Pb^-