Published by De Gruyter

Volume 52 Issue 5

Issue of Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A

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Contents
Journal Overview

Open Access June 2, 2014

Das Teilchen im Kasten: Strukturen in der Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichte / The Particle in a Box : Structures in the Probability

P. Stifter, C. Leichtie, W. P. Schleich, J. Marklof

Page range: 377-385

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Abstract

Recently W. Kinzel found characteristic structures, e. g. canals and ridges, in the contour plot of the quantum probability density of a particle moving in a box with infinitely high walls. Using the Wigner function we provide an analytical explanation of this numerical observation. Moreover we demonstrate that similar space-time structures also appear in other potentials, such as the one governing the vibrational motion of a diatomic molecule.

Open Access June 2, 2014

A Generalized Debye Scattering Equation

Thomas Wieder, Hartmut Fuess

Page range: 386-392

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Abstract

The Debye scattering equation for amorphous material and the Laue scattering equation for crystalline material follow from different assumptions on the orientation distribution of the interatomic distance vector r μ,ν. A generalization of these assumptions leads to a new scattering equation which is presented here.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Fingerprints of Superpositions of Multifractals and Second Order Phase Transitions

Ruedi Stoop

Page range: 393-397

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Abstract

The generic model of superimposed multifractal measures is discussed from the generalized entropy point of view. Natural conditions for the existence of second order critical lines are given. The second order phase transitions may manifest themselves in stopping points of the entropy-like thermodynamic functions. The findings are of experimental relevance.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Is the Uncertainty Relation at the Root of all Mutual Exclusiveness?

D. Sen, A. N. Basu, S. Sengupta

Page range: 398-402

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Abstract

It is argued that two distinct types of complementarity are implied in Bohr's complementarity principle. While in the case of complementary variables it is the quantum mechanical uncertainty relation which is at work, the collapse hypothesis ensures this exclusiveness in the so-called wave-particle complementarity experiments. In particular it is shown that the conventional analysis of the double slit experiment which invokes the uncertainty principle to explain the absence of the simultaneous knowledge of the which-slit information and the interference pattern is incorrect and implies consequences that are quantum mechanically inconsistent.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Low Frequency Dielectric Relaxation Process in Liquid Crystals with Nematic and Liquid-Like Smectic Phases

S. Urban, H. Kresse, R. Dąbrowski

Page range: 403-408

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Abstract

Results of dielectric studies of the low frequency relaxation process in several substances exhibiting nematic -smectic C polymorphism are presented. They are compared with the data obtained re-cently for substances with nematic-smectic A and nematic-smectic B phase sequences. It was found that the rate of molecular reorientation around the short axes does not change at the transition between the nematic and a liquid-like smectic phase (Sm A, Sm C), whereas it is considerably retarded at that of the nematic-solid-like smectic (Sm B) phase. However, the activation barrier for this motion is markedly lower in the orthogonal smectics (Sm A, Sm B) than in the nematic and Sm C phases. The analysis of numerous experimental data on the activation enthalpy in the nematic phase shows that the Arrhenius equation conforms better with results than the Diogo-Martins approach, if the nematic range exceeds 10 K.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Absorption, Fluorescence and Emission Anisotropy Spectra of 4-Cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline in Different Media and at Different Temperatures

A. Kawski, G. Piszczek

Page range: 409-414

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Abstract

The effect of temperature on fluorescence and emission anisotropy spectra of 4-cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline (CDMA) was investigated in viscous (glycerol and paraffin oil) and rigid (polyvinyl alcohol) PVA and polyvinyl chloride) PVC) media. A strong effect of temperature on the intensity of a and b emission bands was observed. It was also found that the emission anisotropy, r, does not vary in the longwave emission band a at a fixed temperature but decreases in the emission band b together with the decreasing wavelength. The latter effect is due to the fact that the transition moment in this band is perpendicular to the long axis of the CDMA molecule. For CDMA in paraffin oil, a normal b band with negative emission anisotropy only occurs. In all other media used, the emission anisotropy has lower values, approaching zero, which results from the considerable covering of band b with a broad emission band a.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Structure of Fe-Si-melts by X-ray Diffraction

B. Sedelmeyer, S. Steeb

Page range: 415-419

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Abstract

X-ray diffraction was done with molten Fe 66,7 Si 33,3 and molten Fe 33,3 Si 66,7 . The coordination numbers versus the concentration lie above the connection line between the coordination numbers of the unalloyed molten elements Fe and Si, respectively, which means a tendency for microsegregation. The pair correlation function of molten Fe 66,7 Si 33,3 was modeled using the data of crystalline Fe 2 Si. At the same time, the pair correlation function of the molten alloy Fe 33,3 Si 66,7 can be modeled using the data of the corresponding crystalline alloy. Thus for molten Fe 33,3 Si 66,7 microsegregation into FeSi 2 and Si or FeSi and for molten Fe 66,7 Si 33,3 microsegregation into Fe 2 Si and Fe or FeSi exists.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Density and Electrical Conductivity of Molten (2K, Fe)Cl₂, (2K, Co)Cl₂, and (2K, Ni)Cl₂

A. A. Red’kin, A. B. Salyulev, M. V. Smirnov, V. A. Khokhlov

Page range: 420-424

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Abstract

The density and electrical conductivity of molten (2K, Fe)Cl 2 , (2 K, Co)Cl 2 and (2K, Ni)Cl 2 have been investigated. The density was measured by the maximum bubble pressure and dylatometric methods, the electrical conductivity by an AC technique. The molar volume and equivalent conductance were calculated.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Helium Atom Scattering from Cyclopentane, Pyrrolidine and Tetrahydrofurane in Crossed Molecular Beams

Christian Gebauer, Olaf Klein, Ralf Schmidt, Wolfhart Seidel

Page range: 425-431

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Abstract

Scattering of helium atoms by cyclopentane, pyrrolidine and tetrahydrofurane molecules was ob-served in crossed molecular beam experiments. The intensity of scattered helium atoms, depending on the scattering angle, was measured with high resolution, and the damping of the diffraction oscillations of the differential cross sections was used to extract elastic anisotropic interaction potentials for these molecules. The evaluation included a geometric transformation concerning the puckered states of the envelope and the twisted conformation of the molecules. The potentials were found to be rather similar.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Long-range Structures in Bulk Water. A Molecular Dynamics Study

Axel Kohlmeyer, Wolfgang Witschel, Eckhard Spohr

Page range: 432-434

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Abstract

We present recent calculations of pair correlation functions and partial structure factors derived from molecular dynamics simulations of large bulk water systems (up to 12 167 water molecules). We observe small amplitude oscillations of the pair correlation functions in the range between 10 and 20 Ä.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Photoconductivity of an Anthracene / 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane Solution: Pressure Effect on the Photoionization of Solute and Solvent

Ryuzi Katoh, Klaus Lacmann, F. Schmidt

Page range: 435-440

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Abstract

The photoconductivity spectrum of a solution of anthracene (AN) in 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane (TMP) was measured as a function of pressure up to 2 kbar. The threshold energies of photoionization of the solute (AN) and of the solvent (TMP) increase with pressure. The relative quantum yield for charge carrier generation decreased with increasing pressure. The concomitant reduction of the initial separation distance of the geminate charge carrier pairs may be due to an increase of the number of inelastic collisions caused by the increased density of the liquid within the sphere of Coulomb attraction of the positive ion.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Internal Mobilities in the Molten Binary Systems (Tl, K)NO₃ and (Tl, Cs)NO₃

P.-H. Chou, I. Okada

Page range: 441-446

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Abstract

Ratios of internal cation mobilities in the molten binary systems (Tl, K)NO a and (Tl, Cs)NO 3 have been measured by the Klemm method. From these and the data available on the densities and electric conductivities, the internal mobilities b have been calculated. While generally in the mixtures of TlNO 3 with alkali nitrates at constant temperature the conductivities and internal mobilities decrease with increasing molar volume, in (Tl, K)NO 3 they decrease with decreasing molar volume. This is explained by the high polarizability of the Tl + ions.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Evaluation of Luminescence Decay Measurements Probed on Pure and Doped Pt(IV) Hexahalogeno Complexes. II. Molecular Properties Obtained from Temperature Dependent Lifetime Curves

Ingo Biertümpel, Hans-Herbert Schmidtke

Page range: 447-456

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Abstract

Lifetime measurements down to nearly liquid helium temperatures are used for determining energy levels and transition rates between excited levels and relaxations into the ground state. Energies are obtained from temperature dependent lifetimes by fitting experimental curves to model functions pertinent for thermally activated processes. Rates are calculated from solutions of rate equations. Similar parameters for pure and doped Pt(IV) hexahalogeno complexes indicate that excited levels largely belong to molecular units. Some of the rates between excited states are only somewhat larger than decay rates into the ground state, which is a consequence of the polyexponential decay measured also at low temperature (2 K). In the series of halogen complexes, the rates between spinorbit levels resulting from 3 T 1g increase from fluorine to bromine, although energy splittings become larger. Due to the decreasing population of higher excited states in this series, K^PtFö shows a tri-exponential, K 2 PtCl 6 a bi-exponential and FoPtBr 6 a mono-exponential decay. In the latter case the population density of higher excited states relaxes so fast that emission occurs primarily from the lowest excited Γ 3 ( 3 T 1g ) level. Phase transitions and emission from chromophores on different sites can also be observed.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Dihydronaphthalenone Carboxylates - Spectral Characteristics and Structure

Sn. Bakalova, A. Georgieva, P. Nikolov, E. Stanoeva

Page range: 457-461

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Abstract

The absorption and luminescence characteristics of a group of newly synthesized methyl esters of 2-alkyl (p-substituted-aryl) -aminomethylene-3,4-dihydro-1(2 H)-naphthalenone-4-carboxylic acids have been investigated. The studied compounds may exist in three tautomeric forms. On the basis of comparison of their electronic spectra to those of similar substances, the observed substituent effect on the position of the UV-VIS absorption bands, the IR spectra and the results of PPP-SCF-CI quantum-chemical calculations it is concluded that the keto tautomer predominates in solution.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Notiz: Report on the Generalized Tanh Method Extended to a Variable-Coefficient Korteweg-de Vries Equation

Bo Tian, Yi-Tian Gao

Page range: 462-462

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Abstract

We briefly report that the generalized tanh method can be extended from the situation with coefficient constants to that with coefficient functions. Soliton-typed solutions for a vari-able-coefficient Korteweg-de Vries equation are thus found. Similar work can be done for the generalized variable-coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations.

Open Access June 2, 2014

Research Note on New Similarity Reductions of a Variable-Coefficient Korteweg-de Vries Equation

Bo Tian

Page range: 463-464

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Abstract

For a variable-coefficient Korteweg-de Vries equation we obtain 4 new similarity reductions to the Painleve type equations or the Weierstrass elliptic function equation.

About this journal

Objective
A Journal of Physical Sciences: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A (ZNA) is an international scientific journal which publishes original research papers from all areas of experimental and theoretical physics. Authors are encouraged to pay particular attention to a clear exposition of their respective subject, addressing a wide readership. In accordance with the name of our journal, which means “Journal for Natural Sciences”, manuscripts submitted to ZNA should have a tangible connection to actual physical phenomena. In particular, we welcome experiment-oriented contributions.

Manuscripts considered for publication in A Journal of Physical Sciences: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A undergo high-level refereeing. Mere formal correctness of a paper is not sufficient for its acceptance. Moreover, articles reporting a merely marginal extension of already existing knowledge are considered unsatisfactory. Instead, the key quality a publication in A Journal of Physical Sciences: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A should possess is that it makes a genuine contribution to the advancement of its topic.

Topics

Atomic, Molecular & Chemical Physics
Dynamical Systems & Nonlinear Phenomena
Gravitation & Cosmology
Hydrodynamics
Quantum Theory
Solid State Physics & Materials Science
Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics

Article formats
Original research articles, research notes, letters and review articles from all areas of theoretical and experimental physics

Information on submission process

Volume 52 Issue 5

Issue of Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A

Das Teilchen im Kasten: Strukturen in der Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichte / The Particle in a Box : Structures in the Probability

Abstract

A Generalized Debye Scattering Equation

Abstract

Fingerprints of Superpositions of Multifractals and Second Order Phase Transitions

Abstract

Is the Uncertainty Relation at the Root of all Mutual Exclusiveness?

Abstract

Low Frequency Dielectric Relaxation Process in Liquid Crystals with Nematic and Liquid-Like Smectic Phases

Abstract

Absorption, Fluorescence and Emission Anisotropy Spectra of 4-Cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline in Different Media and at Different Temperatures

Abstract

Structure of Fe-Si-melts by X-ray Diffraction

Abstract

Density and Electrical Conductivity of Molten (2K, Fe)Cl2, (2K, Co)Cl2, and (2K, Ni)Cl2

Abstract

Helium Atom Scattering from Cyclopentane, Pyrrolidine and Tetrahydrofurane in Crossed Molecular Beams

Abstract

Long-range Structures in Bulk Water. A Molecular Dynamics Study

Abstract

Photoconductivity of an Anthracene / 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane Solution: Pressure Effect on the Photoionization of Solute and Solvent

Abstract

Internal Mobilities in the Molten Binary Systems (Tl, K)NO3 and (Tl, Cs)NO3

Abstract

Evaluation of Luminescence Decay Measurements Probed on Pure and Doped Pt(IV) Hexahalogeno Complexes. II. Molecular Properties Obtained from Temperature Dependent Lifetime Curves

Abstract

Dihydronaphthalenone Carboxylates - Spectral Characteristics and Structure

Abstract

Notiz: Report on the Generalized Tanh Method Extended to a Variable-Coefficient Korteweg-de Vries Equation

Abstract

Research Note on New Similarity Reductions of a Variable-Coefficient Korteweg-de Vries Equation

Abstract

Density and Electrical Conductivity of Molten (2K, Fe)Cl₂, (2K, Co)Cl₂, and (2K, Ni)Cl₂

Internal Mobilities in the Molten Binary Systems (Tl, K)NO₃ and (Tl, Cs)NO₃