Published by De Gruyter

Volume 69 Issue 5-6

Issue of Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A

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Contents
Journal Overview

June 2, 2014

Invariance, Conservation Laws, and Exact Solutions of the Nonlinear Cylindrical Fin Equation

Saeed M. Ali, Ashfaque H. Bokhari, Fiazuddin D. Zaman, Abdul H. Kara

Page range: 195-198

Abstract

Fins are heat exchange surfaces which are used widely in industry. The partial differential equation arising from heat transfer in a fin of cylindrical shape with temperature dependent thermal diffusivity are studied. The method of multipliers and invariance of the differential equations is employed to obtain conservation laws and perform double reduction.

June 2, 2014

Influence of Wall Properties on the Peristaltic Flow of a Nanofluid in View of the Exact Solutions: Comparisons with Homotopy Analysis Method

Abdelhalim Ebaid, Salem H. Alatawi

Page range: 199-206

Abstract

No doubt, the exact solution of any physical system is considered optimal when it is available. Such exact solution is of great importance not only in validating the accuracy of the approximate solution obtained for the same problem but also to derive the correct physical interpretation of the involved physical phenomena. In this paper, the system of linear and nonlinear partial differential equations describing the peristaltic flow of a nanofluid in a channel with compliant walls has been solved exactly. These exact solutions have been implemented to explore the exact effects of Prandtl number Pr, thermophoresis parameter N T , Brownian motion parameter N B , and Eckert number Ec on the temperature, the nanoparticle concentration profiles, and the heat transfer coefficient Z(x). In addition, the exact results have been compared with a very recent work via the homotopy analysis method for the same problem. Although these comparisons showed that the published approximate results coincide with the current exact analysis, a few remarkable differences have been detected for the behaviour of the heat transfer coefficient.

June 2, 2014

Analyses of S-Box in Image Encryption Applications Based on Fuzzy Decision Making Criterion

Inayatur Rehman, Tariq Shah, Iqtadar Hussain

Page range: 207-214

Abstract

In this manuscript, we put forward a standard based on fuzzy decision making criterion to examine the current substitution boxes and study their strengths and weaknesses in order to decide their appropriateness in image encryption applications. The proposed standard utilizes the results of correlation analysis, entropy analysis, contrast analysis, homogeneity analysis, energy analysis, and mean of absolute deviation analysis. These analyses are applied to well-known substitution boxes. The outcome of these analyses are additional observed and a fuzzy soft set decision making criterion is used to decide the suitability of an S-box to image encryption applications.

June 2, 2014

Theoretical Study of the Electronic Spectrum of Disulfur Monoxide

Carlos J. Cobos, Adela E. Croce

Page range: 215-219

Abstract

The near ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of disulfur monoxide ( S2O) has been theoretically studied by using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and the equation of motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles approach (EOM-CCSD) combined with the AUG-cc-PVQZ basis set. From this, analytical expressions for the absorption coefficient over the 250 - 340 nm range are reported for the first time. The computed molecular structure and the vibrational frequencies for the ground and third electronically excited state S 2 O (C 1 Aʹ), responsible of the observed spectrum, are compared with available data.

June 2, 2014

The Gravitational Origin of the Higgs Boson Mass

Friedwardt Winterberg

Page range: 220-224

Abstract

The Lorentzian interpretation of the special theory of relativity explains all the relativistic effects by true deformations of rods and clocks in absolute motion against a preferred reference system, and where Lorentz invariance is a dynamic symmetry with the Galilei group the more fundamental kinematic symmetry of nature. In an exactly nonrelativistic quantum field theory the particle number operator commutes with the Hamilton operator which permits to introduce negative besides positive masses as the fundamental constituents of matter. Assuming that space is densely filled with an equal number of positive and negative locally interacting Planck mass particles, with those of equal sign repelling and those of opposite sign attracting each other, all the particles except the Planck mass particles are quasiparticles of this positive-negative-mass Planck mass plasma. Very much as the Van der Waals forces is the residual short-range electromagnetic force holding condensed matter together, and the strong nuclear force the residual short range gluon force holding together nuclear matter, it is conjectured that the Higgs field is the residual short range gravitational force holding together pre-quark matter made up from large positive and negative masses of the order ±10 13 GeV. This hypothesis supports a theory by Dehnen and Frommert who have shown that the Higgs field acts like a short range gravitational field, with a strength about 32 orders of magnitude larger than one would expect in the absence of the positive-negative pre-quark mass hypothesis.

June 2, 2014

Optimal Campaign Strategies in Fractional-Order Smoking Dynamics

Anwar Zeb, Gul Zaman, Il Hyo Jung, Madad Khan

Page range: 225-231

Abstract

This paper deals with the optimal control problem in the giving up smoking model of fractional order. For the eradication of smoking in a community, we introduce three control variables in the form of education campaign, anti-smoking gum, and anti-nicotive drugs/medicine in the proposed fractional order model. We discuss the necessary conditions for the optimality of a general fractional optimal control problem whose fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. In order to do this, we minimize the number of potential and occasional smokers and maximize the number of ex-smokers. We use Pontryagin’s maximum principle to characterize the optimal levels of the three controls. The resulting optimality system is solved numerically by MATLAB.

June 2, 2014

First Exact Solutions for Flows of Rate Type Fluids in a Circular Duct that Applies a Constant Couple to the Fluid

Corina Fetecau, Mehwish Rana, Niat Nigar, Constantin Fetecau

Page range: 232-238

Abstract

Rotational flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid induced by an infinite circular cylinder that applies a constant couple to the fluid is studied by means of integral transforms. Such a problem is not solved in the existing literature for rate type fluids and the present solutions are based on a simple but important remark regarding the governing equation for the non-trivial shear stress. The solutions that have been obtained satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions and can easy be reduced to the similar solutions corresponding to Maxwell, second-grade, and Newtonian fluids performing the same motion. Finally, the influence of material parameters on the velocity and shear stress distributions is graphically underlined.

June 2, 2014

Multi-Soliton Solutions and Interaction for a Generalized Variable- Coefficient Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff Equation

Long Xue, Yi-Tian Gao, Da-Wei Zuo, Yu-Hao Sun, Xin Yu

Page range: 239-248

Abstract

In this paper, a generalized variable-coefficient Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation is investigated. Based on the Bell polynomials and an auxiliary variable, bilinear forms of such an equation are obtained. One-, two-, and three-soliton solutions are given through the Hirota method and symbolic computation. N-soliton solutions are also constructed. Multi-soliton interaction and propagation are investigated and illustrated: (i) properties of the multi-soliton interaction on different planes in space depend on the forms of the only variable coefficient; (ii) positions of the solitons change when the wave numbers have the reverse signs.

June 2, 2014

Stego Optical Encryption Based on Chaotic Baker’s Map Transformation

Iqtadar Hussain, Muhammad Asif Gondal

Page range: 249-253

Abstract

In this article, an optical image encryption algorithm based on chaotic baker’s map is presented. The stego-image is encrypted with the help of double random phase encoding algorithm and then produced disorder with the help of chaotic transformation. Security test shows that the reading of proposed algorithm is very close to the optimal values.

June 2, 2014

A Systematic Investigation on Magnetism and Phase Stability of Cobalt

Fang-Guang Kuang, Xiao-Yu Kuang, Shu-Ying Kang

Page range: 254-262

Abstract

Using the first-principles plan-wave pseudo-potential method, a systematic investigation on structural property, magnetism, and pressure-induced phase transitions of cobalt is carried out. Cobalt with our hcp (α), fcc (β), bcc (γ), and epsilon (ε) phases both in ferromagnetic (FM) and nonmagnetic (NM) states is considered. Issues of fitting equation of states in the energy volume data points containing magnetism are discussed. Our results reveal two stable phase transition points, namely, from FM β-phase to FM a-phase at -28:2 GPa and from FM a-phase to NM β-phase at 123:7 GPa, which are consistent with previous experimental predictions. The meta-stable magnetic transformation points from FM to NM state for a, b, and e structures are 135:7 GPa, 84:0 GPa, and 168:7 GPa, respectively. Furthermore, both FM γ-phase and FM ε-phase undergo a meta-stable transformation to NM b-phase at 25:0 GPa and 42:3 GPa, respectively.

June 2, 2014

A Comparative Study Between two Explicit and Minimal Strategies for the Case of Magnetohydrodynamical Falkner–Skan Flow over a Permeable Wall

Hadi Roohani Ghehsareh, Saeid Abbasbandy, Marwan A. Kutbi, Ali Zaghian

Page range: 263-272

Abstract

In this paper, two efficient and powerful explicit and minimal approaches based on the Hankel- Padé method and Laplace Adomian decomposition method coupled with Padé approximation, respectively, are discussed and employed to obtain approximate results of similarity solutions for the magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) Falkner-Skan boundary layer flow over a permeable wall. The values of skin friction coefficients of the problem are computed with high accuracy. The presented results through tables and figures show the efficiency, reliability, and accuracy of the two presented approaches. Finally, the effects of various model parameters on the boundary layer flow are investigated graphically

June 2, 2014

Regarding ‘Information Preservation and Weather Forecasting for Black Holes’ by S. W. Hawking

Friedwardt Winterberg

Page range: 273-275

Abstract

It is proposed that the ‘apparent horizons’ assumed by Hawking to resolve the black hole information paradox, are in reality the regions where in Lorentzian relativity the absolute velocity against a preferred reference system at rest with the zero point vacuum energy reaches the velocity of light, and where an elliptical differential equation holding matter in a stable equilibrium goes over a transluminal Euler-Tricomi equation into a hyperbolic differential equation where such an equilibrium is not more possible, with matter in approaching this region disintegrating into radiation. Hawking’s proposal depends on the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) conjecture which in turn depends on string/M theory which in the absence of super-symmetry will not work.

About this journal

Objective
A Journal of Physical Sciences: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A (ZNA) is an international scientific journal which publishes original research papers from all areas of experimental and theoretical physics. Authors are encouraged to pay particular attention to a clear exposition of their respective subject, addressing a wide readership. In accordance with the name of our journal, which means “Journal for Natural Sciences”, manuscripts submitted to ZNA should have a tangible connection to actual physical phenomena. In particular, we welcome experiment-oriented contributions.

Manuscripts considered for publication in A Journal of Physical Sciences: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A undergo high-level refereeing. Mere formal correctness of a paper is not sufficient for its acceptance. Moreover, articles reporting a merely marginal extension of already existing knowledge are considered unsatisfactory. Instead, the key quality a publication in A Journal of Physical Sciences: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A should possess is that it makes a genuine contribution to the advancement of its topic.

Topics

Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
Chemical Physics
Dynamical Systems & Nonlinear Phenomena
Fundamental Concepts of Physical Sciences
Gravitation & Cosmology
Hydrodynamics & Plasma Physics
Nuclear Physics & Particle Physics
Quantum Field Theory
Solid State Physics & Materials Science
Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics
Article formats
Original research articles, research notes, letters and review articles from all areas of theoretical and experimental physics

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