Abstract
Supersilylsilanes R*SiX 3 (R* = supersilyl = SitBu 3 ; X = H, Me, tBu, Ph, SiMe 3 , F, Cl, Br, I, OMe, OSO 2 CF 3 ) are prepared (i) by reactions of supersilylhalosilanes with supersilyl sodium NaR* (Hal/R* exchange), (ii) by reactions of supersilylhalosilanes with hydride H - (Hal/H exchange), (iii) by reactions of supersilylsilanes with halogens Hal 2 (H/Hal exchange, R*/Hal exchange), (iv) by reactions of supersilylhalosilanes with nucleophiles like F - , MeO - (Hal/F or Hal/OMe exchange) and (v) by reactions of supersilylsilanes with strong acids (H/OSO 2 CF 3 exchange). NMR chemical shifts δ ( 29 Si) of the SiX 3 groups of R*SiX 3 strongly depends on the nature of X. The supersilylsilanes R*SiX 3 are in part moisture sensitive (especially compounds with SiX 3 ≡SiHHal 2 and SiH 2 Hal), in part sensitive against oxygen (compounds with SiX≡SiBr or SiI), and some of them react with supersilyl sodium by supersilanidation (for example R*SiF 3 , R*SiH 2 Cl, R*SiMeHCl) or by reduction (for example R*SiCl 3 , R*SiMeBr 2 , R*SiPhBrCl). X-ray structure analyses of disilanes tBu 3 Si-SiX 3 with SiX 3 ≡SitBu 3 , SiPh 3 , Sil 3 , SiPhCl 2 show a staggered conformation. Due to steric repulsion of the tBu 3 Si and SiX 3 groups as well as van-der-Waals attraction of the substituents tBu and X in tBu 3 Si-SiX 3 the SiSi bonds are longer than 2.34 Å (the normal SiSi single bond length) and the torsion angles are smaller/larger than 60° (the ideal staggered conformation). From the extent of SiSi bond elongation and CSiSiX angle compression it is concluded that the bulkiness of X increases in direction Cl < I < Ph < SiMe 3 < CMe 3 (tBu 3 Si-SitBu 3 has to date the longest SiSi bond of all disilanes) and the van-der-Waals forces between tBu/X increase in direction tBu/I < tBu/tBu < tBu/Ph.