Abstract
Earth's atmosphere contains 27–30% of the planet's nitrogen and recent estimates are that about one-half that amount (11–16%) is located in the continental and oceanic crust combined. The percentage of N in the mantle is more difficult to estimate, but it is thought to be near 60%, at very low concentrations. Knowledge of the behavior of N in various fluid-melt-rock settings is key to understanding pathways for its transfer among the major solid Earth reservoirs.
Nitrogen initially bound into various organic materials is transferred into silicate minerals during burial and metamorphism, often as
This contribution focuses on our growing, but still fragmentary, knowledge of the N pathways into shallow to deep continental crustal settings and the upper mantle. We discuss the factors controlling the return of deeply subducted N to shallower reservoirs, including the atmosphere, via metamorphic devolatilization and arc magmatism. We discuss observations from natural rock suites providing tests of calculated mineral-fluid fractionation factors for N. Building on our discussion of N behavior in continental crust, we present new measurements on the N concentrations and isotopic compositions of microporous beryl and cordierite from medium- and high-grade metamorphic rocks and pegmatites, both phases containing molecular N2, and
Acknowledgments
Funding from the National Science Foundation (most recently, EAR-0711355) supported the N isotope work conducted at Lehigh University. C.A.G. is supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through grant P25597-N20. We thank George Harlow and Jamie Newman, at the American Museum of Natural History (New York), for assisting in the acquisition of some specimens. The cordierite samples investigated in this and the degassing study (Geiger et al. in preparation) were supplied by several colleagues and here Julie Vry (Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand) deserves special thanks. Thanks also go to Long Li, who prepared the size splits of the beryl sample used in the tests of the release during heating. Comments by Daniele Pinti and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript.
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Manuscript handled by Paul Tomascak.
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