Abstract
On the basis of comparative morphological and molecular analyses, a new red algal species in the genus Wrangelia (Wrangeliaceae, Ceramiales) is described from the tropical western Atlantic. Distinctive characteristics of the proposed new species, W. gordoniae, include: overall habit; built up pseudoparenchymatous cortex that is composed of 2, and in localized sites up to 3, layers of cortical cells, with the outermost layer incomplete, composed of smaller, irregular-shaped cells; and spermatangial heads with 5–6 (–7) involucres, each consisting of a single elongate cell. Analyses of SSU sequences of specimens of Wrangelia from Puerto Rico further support the presence of four genetically distinct entities. In addition to numerous recent collections, a number of herbarium specimens from different Caribbean locales previously identified as “W. penicillata” are now recognized to be W. gordoniae. The new species is compared morphologically with other Wrangelia species that also have 5 whorl branchlets per segment and a cortex that partially or wholly covers their axes. A key to the tropical western Atlantic species of Wrangelia is provided.
Acknowledgments
JNN thanks Steve M. Blair and Dominic Liberatore (HBOI sub pilot) for the opportunity to collect from the DSV Johnson-sea-Link I operating from the HBOI OR/V Seaward Johnson; our submersible and SCUBA dives during our expeditions to the Bahamas were made possible by support from Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce (SMSFP), and Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute (HBOI), Florida Atlantic University. We thank Dr. Hector Ruíz for some of the Puerto Rican collections as well as for the in situ habit photographs and the macro digital images of the female gametophyte and tetrasporophyte, and Barrett Brooks, Diane Littler, Mark Littler, Valerie Paul, Ed Luedke, and Sherry Reed for sharing their collections. The participation of JNN and KEB on the NSF Bahamas expeditions enabled us to make SCUBA collections off the OR/V Columbus Islen (William Fenical, Chief Scientist, Scripps Institution Oceanography). Collections from the Belizean Barrier Reef were facilitated by the Smithsonian Carrie Bow Cay Marine Station-Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystem program (K. Ruetzler, Director). We also acknowledge C. Fred Gurgel, Suzanne Fredericq, R. Sims and Chip Clark for their diving and collecting assistance in Belize, and Mark Hay and Suzanne Fredericq for the Haiti collections made from the Smithsonian’s R/V Marsys Resolute expeditions in the Caribbean (W.H. Adey, Captain and Chief Scientist). We thank Stanley Yankowski for digital photomicrograph assistance and Alice Tangerini for preparation and assembly of the figures. DLB gratefully acknowledges partial support for the research by NOAA (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration) Coastal Ocean Programs under awards #NA17OP2919 and #NA06NOS4780190 to the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez. JNN acknowledges partial support for this study from NSF grants (SI-DSG-642041 and SI-DSG-642079). This study represents Smithsonian Carrie Bow Cay-CCRE contribution no. 959, Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, Florida contribution no. 951, and Ocean Heritage Foundation/Curaçao Sea Aquarium/Substation Curaçao no. 7.
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