Abstract
The proximate chemical composition of Sargassum horridum was determined monthly, including extract yields of alginate, crude fucoidan, and ethanolic extract. In addition, the biological activity (antioxidant and antibacterial) of the ethanolic extract and anticoagulant activity of the fucoidan were examined. Significant monthly variation was found in the chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, crude lipids, crude fiber, carbohydrates, and gross energy), as well as in the alginate, fucoidan, and ethanolic extract yields. The maximum yield of crude fucoidan (13.5% dry weight) and alginate (21.4% dry weight) occurred in May. Crude fucoidan increased the clotting time at all concentrations tested during all months, based on activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time assays. The maximum yield of ethanolic extract occurred in April and August (6% dry weight). The ethanolic extract was evaluated for free radical scavenging activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method, with the highest reduction percentage in April (53%). Only the extracts from March, July and August showed slight antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Sargassum horridum thus represents a potential source of carbohydrates, anticoagulant, antioxidants and antibacterial compounds. The best time of year for harvesting the alga is from May to July.
About the authors
Dania Andrea Di Filippo-Herrera is a doctoral student at the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR) of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Her research work focuses on chemical composition and potential uses for seaweed. She obtained her MSc from CICIMAR (2014) with a thesis on chemical composition from Sargassum horridum and its relation to environmental parameters in Bahía de La Paz, Mexico. Currently, her research focuses on biostimulant activity of seaweed extracts on germination and growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata).
Gustavo Hernández-Carmona is a marine biologist and faculty member at Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. He has a PhD from the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste at La Paz. He has published 65 scientific papers and graduated 30 students for advanced degrees. He is specialized in the ecology of marine macroalgae, including Macrocystis, Sargassum, Eisenia, Gracilaria and other commercially important species. He has also studied technologies for the extraction of algal polysaccharides. Recently he has been studying the production of seaweed liquid extracts as biostimulants for agriculture.
Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa is a biochemical engineer and professor at the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. His specialty is chemistry of marine products in search of compounds with antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitors with cosmeceutical, pharmacological and agrochemical potential.
Dora Luz Arvizu-Higuera has a Bachelor’s degree in biochemical engineering from Instituto Tecnológico of La Paz. She obtained a Master’s degree in marine science from Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, BCS, Mexico (CICIMAR-IPN). She has been a faculty member of CICIMAR since 1994 working as a researcher at the Laboratory of Chemistry of Seaweeds in the Technologies Development Department. She has participated in 44 research projects. Her main area of study is the extraction of seaweed polysaccharides for commercial interest and the search for bioactive compounds in seaweeds.
Yoloxochitl Elizabeth Rodríguez-Montesinos studied marine biology at Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur and she has a Master’s degree in marine sciences from the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR) of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz BCS, Mexico. She has worked on projects assessing kelp beds and extraction of algal polysaccharides commercial interests. More recent research has focused on the search for bioactive compounds in seaweeds.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) for financial support of the research, and the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) for the funds granted (grant number: 20131446). Also, we thank the IPN for the “Beca de exclusividad (COFAA)” and “Estímulo al Desempeño de los Investigadores (EDI)”, and Michael Foster for English language review.
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