Jump to ContentJump to Main Navigation
Show Summary Details
More options …

Open Chemistry

formerly Central European Journal of Chemistry


IMPACT FACTOR 2017: 1.425
5-year IMPACT FACTOR: 1.511

CiteScore 2017: 1.45

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2017: 0.349
Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2017: 0.812

ICV 2017: 165.27

Open Access
Online
ISSN
2391-5420
See all formats and pricing
Online
Open Access
*Prices in US$ apply to orders placed in the Americas only. Prices in GBP apply to orders placed in Great Britain only. Prices in € represent the retail prices valid in Germany (unless otherwise indicated). Prices are subject to change without notice. Prices do not include postage and handling if applicable. RRP: Recommended Retail Price.
More options …
Volume 10, Issue 3

Issues

Volume 17 (2019)

Volume 16 (2018)

Volume 15 (2017)

Volume 14 (2016)

Volume 13 (2015)

Volume 12 (2014)

Volume 11 (2013)

Volume 10 (2012)

Volume 9 (2011)

Volume 8 (2010)

Volume 7 (2009)

Volume 6 (2008)

Volume 5 (2007)

Volume 4 (2006)

Volume 3 (2005)

Volume 2 (2004)

Volume 1 (2003)

Determination of polyolefin additives by reversed-phase liquid chromatography

M. Dopico-García / Rosalía Noguerol-Cal / M. Castro-López / M. Cela-Pérez / Elena Piñón-Giz / Jose López-Vilariño / M. González-Rodríguez
Published Online: 2012-03-23 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0001-x

Open Access

Download PDF

Abstract

This article examines the contribution of liquid chromatography to the study of polyolefin additives commonly used to obtain improved environmental resistance (antioxidants, ultraviolet light stabilizers, antistatics, and so on) and appearance enhancements (e.g. colorants). Several reversed-phase liquid chromatographic methods are summarized, and a detailed description of different detectors is provided. In addition, ways of applying these methods to analyse food contact materials and plastic toys are emphasized. Finally, the potential use of these methods is addressed which complies with European health safety regulations.

Keywords: Polyolefins; Commercial additives; Natural extracts; Liquid chromatography; Sample treatment

  • [1] P.S. Chum, K.W. Swogger, Prog. Polym. Sci. 33, 797 (2008) Google Scholar

  • [2] E. Reingruber, M. Himmelsbach, C. Sauer, W. Buchberger, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 95(5), 740 (2010) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [3] M. Tolinski, Additives for Polyolefins: Getting the Most Out of Polypropylene, Polyethylene and TPO (Plastics Design Library-Elsevier, USA, 2009) Google Scholar

  • [4] W. Voigt, R. Todesco, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 77, 397 (2002) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [5] R. Pfaendner, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 91, 2249 (2006) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [6] R. Ashby, In: R. Ashby, I. Cooper, S. Harvey, P. Tice (Eds.), Food Packaging and Legislation, (Pira International, Surrey-UK, 1997) 17 Google Scholar

  • [7] European Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Off. J. Eur. Union L12, 1 (2011) Google Scholar

  • [8] European Directive 2009/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 june 2009 on the safety of toys. Off. J. Eur. Union L170, 1 (2009) Google Scholar

  • [9] European Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC. Off. J. Eur. Union L396, 1 (2006) Google Scholar

  • [10] F. Gugumus, N. Lelli, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 72, 407 (2001) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [11] R. Gensler, C.J.G. Plummer, H.H. Kausch, E. Kramer, J.R. Pauquet, H. Zweifel, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 67, 195 (2000) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [12] D.W. Allen, M.R. Chench, A. Crowson, D.A. Leathard, R. Saklatvala, J. Chromatogr. A 679, 285 (1994) Google Scholar

  • [13] D.W. Allen, M.R. Chench, A. Crowson, D.A. Leathar, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 39, 293 (1993) Google Scholar

  • [14] D.W. Allen, D.A. Leathard, C. Smith, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 38(5), 461 (1991) Google Scholar

  • [15] D.W. Allen, M.R. Chench, A. Crowson, D.A. Leathard, J. Chromatogr. 629, 283 (1993) Google Scholar

  • [16] I. Kriston, G. Pénzes, G. Szijjártó, P. Szabó, P. Staniek, E. Földes, B. Pukánsky, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 95(9), 1883 (2010) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [17] M. Bertoldo, F. Ciardelli, Polymer 45, 8751 (2004) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [18] H. El Mansouri, N. Yagoubi, D. Ferrier, Chromatographia 48(7/8), 491 (1998) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [19] R.C. Nielson, J. Liq. Chromatogr. 14, 503 (1991) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [20] K. Yu, E. Block, M. Balogh, LC-GC 18(2), 162 (2000) Google Scholar

  • [21] D. Marque, A. Feigembaun, D. Dainelli, A. Riquett, Food Addit. Contam. A 15(7), 831 (1998) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [22] H.J. Vandenburg, A.A. Clifford, K.D. Bartle, S.A. Zhu, Anal. Chem. 70, 1943 (1998) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [23] H.C. Ashton, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 262, 9 (1998) Google Scholar

  • [24] C.F. Vadakkoott, N.S. Yoginder, S.B. Ishwar, Angew. Makromol. Chem 113, 219 (1983) Google Scholar

  • [25] M.A. Haney, W.A. Dark, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 18, 655 (1980) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [26] D. Munteanu. A. Isfan, C. Isfan, I. Tincul, Chromatographia 23(1), 7 (1987) Google Scholar

  • [27] H. Nadejzda, K. Sigbritt, Analyst 124, 797 (1999) Google Scholar

  • [28] R.C. Nielson, J. Liq. Chromatogr. 16(7), 1625 (1993) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [29] A.M. Pinto, L.T. Taylor, J. Chromatogr. A 811, 163 (1998) Google Scholar

  • [30] B. Marcatto, M. Vianello, J. Chromatogr. A 869, 285 (2000) Google Scholar

  • [31] P. Molander, K. Haugland, D.R. Hegna, E. Ommundsen, E. Lundanes, T. Greibrokk, J. Chromatogr. A 864, 103 (1999) Google Scholar

  • [32] T. Greibrokk, B.E. Berg, S. Hoffmann, H.R. Norli, Q. Ying, J. Liq. Chromatogr. 505, 283 (1990) Google Scholar

  • [33] I. Bruheim, P. Molander, E. Lundanes, T. Greibrokk, E. Ommundsen, J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 23(9), 525 (2000) Google Scholar

  • [34] P. Molander, A. Holm, E. Lundanes, R. Hegna, Dag, E. Ommundsen, T. Greibrokk, Analyst 127, 892 (2002) Google Scholar

  • [35] D. Louden, A. Handley, E. Lenz, I. Sinclair, S. Taylor, I.D. Wilson, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 373, 508 (2002) Google Scholar

  • [36] C. Neri, S. Constanzi, M. Riva, R. Farris, R. Colombo, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 49, 65 (1995) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [37] M.A. Farajzadeh, J.A. Jönsson, Anal. Chim. Acta 594, 75 (2007) Google Scholar

  • [38] L. Burman, A.C. Albertsson, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 43, 4537 (2005) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [39] L. Qin-Bao, L. Bo, S. Huan, L. Xiao-Mei, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 34(9), 730 (2011) Google Scholar

  • [40] A. De Paepe, B. Erlandsson, J. Ostelius, U. Gasslander, A. Arbin, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 29(11), 1541 (2006) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [41] S. Green, S. Bai, M. Cheatham, R. Cong, W. Yau, J. Sep. Sci. 33(22), 3455 (2010) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [42] M. Himmelsbach, W. Buchberger, E. Reingruber, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 94, 1213 (2009) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [43] R.E. Duderstadt, S.M. Fischer, J. Chromatogr. A 1193, 70 (2008) Google Scholar

  • [44] C. Block, L. Wynants, M. Kelchtermans, R. De Boer, F. Compernolle, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 91, 3163 (2006) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [45] J. Alin, M. Hakkarainen, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 118(2), 1084 (2010) Google Scholar

  • [46] R. Noguerol-Cal, J.M. López-Vilariño, M.V. González-Rodríguez, L.F. Barral-Losada, J. Sep. Sci. 30, 2452 (2007) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [47] D. Granda-Restrepo, E. Peralta, R. Troncoso-Rojas, H. Soto-Valdez, Int. Dairy J. 19, 481 (2009) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [48] C. Strandberg, A.C. Albertsson, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 98, 2427 (2005) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [49] M. Lundbäck, C. Strandberg, A.C. Albertsson, M.S. Hedenqvist, U.W. Gedde, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 91, 1071 (2006) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [50] M.S. Dopico-García, J.M. López-Vilariño, R. Bouza, M.J. Abad, E. González-Soto, M.V. González-Rodríguez, Anal. Chim. Acta 521, 179 (2004) Google Scholar

  • [51] M.S. Dopico-García, J.M. López-Vilariño, M.V. González-Rodríguez, J. Agric. Food Chem. 55, 3225 (2007) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [52] J.F. Schabron, V.J. Smith, J.L. Ware, J. Liq. Chromatogr. 5(4), 613 (1982) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [53] J. Salafranca, J. Cacho, C. Nerín, J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 22(10), 553 (1999) Google Scholar

  • [54] P.J. Arpino, D. Dilettato, K. Nguyen, A. Bruchet, J. Liq. Chromatogr. 13, 5 (1990) Google Scholar

  • [55] A. Garrido, M.T. Tena, J. Chromatogr. A. 1099, 75 2005) Google Scholar

  • [56] P. Cerruti, M. Malinconico, J. Rychly, L. Matisova-Rychla, C. Carfagna, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 94, 2095 (2009) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [57] C. Pouteau, P. Dole, B. Cathala, L. Averous, N. Boquillon, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 81, 9 (2003) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [58] M.A. De Paoli, L.T. Furlan, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 13, 129 (1985) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [59] B. Košíková, V. Demianová, M. Kačuráková, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 47, 1065 (1993) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [60] S. Al-malaika, H. Ashley, S. Issenhuth, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 32, 3099 (1994) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [61] C. Wessling, T. Nielsen, A. Leufvén, Food Addit. Contam. 17, 713 (2000) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [62] A.Z. Graciano-Verdugo, E. Peralta, H. González-Ríos, H. Soto-Valdez, Anal. Chim. Acta 557, 367 (2006) Google Scholar

  • [63] I. Sirò, E. Fenyvesi, L. Szente, B. De Meulenaer, F. Devlieghere, J. Orgovanyi, J. Senyi, J. Barta, Food Addit. Contam. 23, 845 (2006) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [64] A.Z. Graciano-Verdugo, H. Soto-Valdez, E. Peralta, P. Cruz-Zárate, A.R. Islas-Rubio, S. Sánchez-Valdes, A. Sánchez-Escalante, N. González-Méndez, H. González-Ríos, Food Res. Int. 43, 1073 (2010) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [65] D.M. Granda-Restrepo, H. Soto-Valdez, E. Peralta, R. Troncoso-Rojas, B. Vallejo-Córdoba, N. Gámez-Meza, A.Z. Graciano-Verdugo, Food Res. Int. 42, 1396 (2009) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [66] C. Strandberg, A.C. Albertsson, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 44, 1660 (2006) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [67] C. Wessling, T. Nielsen, A. Leufvén, Pack. Technol. Sci. 13, 19 (2000) Google Scholar

  • [68] S. Al-Malaika, S. Issenhuth, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 65, 143 (1999) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [69] S. Al-Malaika, S. Issenhuth, Polymer 42, 2915 (2001) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [70] V. Lavelli, E. Pagliarini, R. Ambrosoli, B. Zanoni, Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. 44, 994 (2009) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [71] C. Nerín, L. Tovar, J. Salafranca, J. Food Eng. 84, 313 (2008) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [72] M.S. Dopico-García, M.M. Castro-López, J.M. López-Vilariño, M.V. González-Rodríguez, P. Valentão, P.B. Andrade, S. García-Garabal, M.J. Abad, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 119, 3553 (2011) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [73] S. Jipa, T. Zaharescu, R. Setnescu, T. Setnescu, W.Y. Wayne, J.Q. Pau, Polymer 41, 6949 (2000) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [74] G. Pritchard, Plastics Additives (Rapra Market Report-Rapra Technology Limited, Shropshire, 2005) Google Scholar

  • [75] H.J. Heller, H.R. Blattmann, Pure Appl. Chem. 36, 141 (1973) Google Scholar

  • [76] F. Sevini, B. Marcato, J. Chromatogr. A 260, 507 (1983) Google Scholar

  • [77] A. Caceres, F. Ysambert, J. Lopez, N. Marquez, Sep. Sci. Technol. 31, 2287 (1996) Google Scholar

  • [78] L. Coulier, E.R. Kaal, M. Tienstra, T. Hankemeier, J. Chromatogr. A 1062, 227 (2005) Google Scholar

  • [79] R. Noguerol-Cal, J.M. López-Vilariño, G. Fernández-Martínez, M.V. González-Rodríguez, L.F. Barral-Losada, J. Sep. Sci. 33, 2698 (2010) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [80] W. Freitag, J. Chromatogr. 450, 430 (1988) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [81] S.G. Gharfeh, J. Chromatogr. 389, 211 (1987) Google Scholar

  • [82] B. Marcato, C. Fantazzini, F. Sevini, J. Chromatogr. 553, 415 (1991) Google Scholar

  • [83] R Matuska, L. Preisler, J. Sedlar, J. Chromatogr. 606, 136 (1992) Google Scholar

  • [84] R. Trones, T. Andersen, T. Greibrokk, D.R. Hegna, J. Chromatogr. A 874, 65 (2000) Google Scholar

  • [85] T. Andersen, I.L. Skuland, A. Holm, R. Trones, T. Greibrokk, J. Chromatogr. A 1029, 49 (2004) Google Scholar

  • [86] P. Sótonyi, A. Kovács, G. Volk, J. Járay, A. Benko, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 42, 49 (2004) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [87] H. Zweifel, Plastics Additives Handbook (Hanser Publishers, Munich, 2000) Google Scholar

  • [88] CRODA. Polymer Additives. AtmerTM anti-static. Technical Data Sheet, Accessed 6/10.] (http://www.croda.com/europe/pa). Google Scholar

  • [89] M.C. Grob, E. Minder, Plastics Addit. Compounding, 20 (1999) Google Scholar

  • [90] B. Nielsen, Congress “Addcon World 2006”, 1–8. Cologne (Germany, 2006) Google Scholar

  • [91] J. Cross, Non Ionic Surfactants: Chemical Analisis (Marcel Dekker, NY, 1987) Google Scholar

  • [92] J. Smidrkal, R. Cervenkova, V. Filip, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 106, 851 (2004) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [93] J. Giacometti, C. Milin, N. Wolf, F. Giacometti, J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 3950 (1996) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [94] Z. Wang, M. Fingas, J. High Resolution Chromatogr. 17, 15 (1994) Google Scholar

  • [95] Z. Wang, M. Fingas, J. High Resolution Chromatogr. 17, 85 (1994) Google Scholar

  • [96] M.V. González-Rodríguez, M.S. Dopico-García, R. Noguerol-Cal, T. Carballeira-Amarelo, J.M. López-Vilariño, G. Fernández-Martínez, J. Sep. Sci. 33, 3595 (2010) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [97] N. Garti, E. Wellner, A. Aserin, S. Sarig, JAOCS 60(6), 1151 (1983) Google Scholar

  • [98] K. Kato, P. Walde, N. Koine, Y. Imai, K. Akiyama, T. Sugahara, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 27, 1217 (2006) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [99] M. Holcapek, P. Jandera, J. Fischer, B. Prokes, J. Chromatogr. A 858, 13 (1999) Google Scholar

  • [100] S.H. Chen, Y.J. Chuang, Anal. Chem. Acta 465, 145 (2002) Google Scholar

  • [101] A. Schaefer, T. Kuchler, T.J. Simat, H. Steinhart, J. Chromatogr. A 1017, 107 (2003) Google Scholar

  • [102] L.H. Ahlstrom, C. Sparr, E. Bjorklund, Trends Anal. Chem. 24, 49 (2005) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [103] pr EN 71-9. Safety of toys. Part 9: Organic chemical compounds. Requirements (European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, February 2005) Google Scholar

  • [104] pr EN 71-10. Safety of toys. Part 10: Organic chemical compounds. Sample preparation and extraction (European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, December 2005) Google Scholar

  • [105] pr EN 71-11. Safety of toys. Part 11: Organic chemical compounds. Methods of analysis (European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, November 2005) Google Scholar

  • [106] H.M. Pinheiro, E. Tourand, O. Thomas, Dyes Pigments 61, 121 (2004) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [107] G.M. Cramer, R.A. Ford, Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 16, 255 (1976) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [108] M.C. Garrigós, F. Reche, M.L. Marín, K. Pernías, A. Jiménez, J. Chromatogr. A 963, 427 (2002) Google Scholar

  • [109] R. Noguerol, J.M. López, G. Fernández, L. Barral, M.V. González, J. Chromatogr. A 1179, 152 (2008) Google Scholar

  • [110] H.J. Vandenburg, A.A. Clifford, K.D. Bartle, J. Carroll, I. Newton, L.M. Garden, J.R. Dean, C.T. Costley, Analyst 122, 101 (1997) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [111] T. Macko, R. Siegl, K. Lederer, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 221(4021), 179 (1995) Google Scholar

  • [112] G. Gillet, O. Vitrac, S. Desobry, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 119(3), 1492 (2010) Google Scholar

  • [113] M.J. Galotto, A. Torres, A. Guarda, N. Moraga, J. Romero, Food Res. Int. 44(2), 566 (2011) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [114] A. Rittera, E. Michel, M. Schmid, S. Affolter, Polymer Testing 24, 498 (2005) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [115] E. Torrieri, P.A. Carlino, S. Cavella, V. Fogliano, I. Attianese, G.G. Buonocore, P. Masi, J. Food Eng. 105, 429 (2011) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [116] S. Al-Malaika, S. Issenhuth, D. Burdick, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 73, 491 (2001) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [117] S. Al-Malaika, C. Goodwin, S. Issenhuth, D. Burdick, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 64, 145 (1999) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [118] J.A. Garde, R. Catalá, R. Vergara, Food Addit. Contam. Part A-Chem. 15(6), 701 (1998) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [119] Y. Hirata, Y. Okamoto, J. Microcol. Sep. 1(1), 46 (1989) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • [120] W. Freitag, J. Oswaldo, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 175(2952), 181 (1990) Google Scholar

  • [121] A. Garrido-López, I. Sancet, P. Montaño, R. González, M.T. Tena, J. Chromatogr. A 1175, 154 (2007) Google Scholar

  • [122] M. Arias, I. Penichet, F. Ysambertt, R. Bauza, M. Zougagh, A. Rios, J. Supercrit. Fluids 50(1), 22 (2009) CrossrefGoogle Scholar

About the article

Published Online: 2012-03-23

Published in Print: 2012-06-01

Citation Information: Open Chemistry, Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 585–610, ISSN (Online) 2391-5420, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0001-x.

Export Citation

© 2012 Versita Warsaw. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. BY-NC-ND 3.0

Citing Articles

Here you can find all Crossref-listed publications in which this article is cited. If you would like to receive automatic email messages as soon as this article is cited in other publications, simply activate the “Citation Alert” on the top of this page.

[1]
Bo Li, Zhi-Wei Wang, Qin-Bao Lin, and Chang-Ying Hu
Analytical Letters, 2017, Volume 50, Number 3, Page 431
[2]
Charlène Pouech, Florent Lafay, Laure Wiest, Robert Baudot, Didier Léonard, and Cécile Cren-Olivé
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2014, Volume 406, Number 5, Page 1493
[3]
M. Reisinger, S. Beissmann, and W. Buchberger
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2013, Volume 803, Page 181
[4]
Christian W. Klampfl
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2013, Volume 50, Page 53
[5]
Susanne Beißmann, Martin Stiftinger, Klemens Grabmayer, Gernot Wallner, David Nitsche, and Wolfgang Buchberger
Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2013, Volume 98, Number 9, Page 1655
[6]
Lucas Sternbauer, Ingrid Hintersteiner, Wolfgang Buchberger, Alexander Standler, and Edit Marosits
Polymer Testing, 2013, Volume 32, Number 5, Page 901
[7]
Martin Stiftinger, Wolfgang Buchberger, and Christian W. Klampfl
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2013, Volume 405, Number 10, Page 3177

Comments (0)

Please log in or register to comment.
Log in