Jump to ContentJump to Main Navigation
Show Summary Details
More options …

Chemical Papers

Online
ISSN
1336-9075
See all formats and pricing
Online
Not available via Webshop
*Prices in US$ apply to orders placed in the Americas only. Prices in GBP apply to orders placed in Great Britain only. Prices in € represent the retail prices valid in Germany (unless otherwise indicated). Prices are subject to change without notice. Prices do not include postage and handling if applicable. RRP: Recommended Retail Price.
More options …
Volume 69, Issue 1

Issues

Volume 70 (2016)

Volume 69 (2015)

Volume 68 (2014)

Volume 67 (2013)

Volume 66 (2012)

Volume 65 (2011)

Volume 64 (2010)

Volume 63 (2009)

Volume 62 (2008)

Volume 61 (2007)

Volume 60 (2006)

Application of nanomaterials in microbial-cell biosensor constructions

Jana Šefčovičová
  • Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
  • Other articles by this author:
  • De Gruyter OnlineGoogle Scholar
 / Jan Tkac
  • Corresponding author
  • Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
  • Email
  • Other articles by this author:
  • De Gruyter OnlineGoogle Scholar
Published Online: 2014-11-28 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-014-0602-2

30,00 € / $42.00 / £23.00

Get Access to Full Text

Abstract

Microbial cell biosensors, where cells are in direct connection with a transducer enabling quantitative and qualitative detection of an analyte, are very promising analytical tools applied mainly for assays in the environmental field, food industry or biomedicine. Microbial cell biosensors are an excellent alternative to conventional analytical methods due to their specificity, rapid detection and low cost of analysis. Nowadays, nanomaterials are often used in the construction of biosensors to improve their sensitivity and stability. In this review, the combination of microbial and other individual cells with different nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, gold nanoparticles, etc.) for the construction of biosensors is described and their applications are provided as well.

Keywords: microbial cells; biosensor; carbon nanotubes; gold nanoparticles; graphene; magnetic nanoparticles

References

  • Agarwal, S. C., Zhou, X. Z., Ye, F., He, Q. Y., Chen, G. C. K., Soo, J. C., Boey, F., Zhang, H., & Chen, P. (2010). Interfacing live cells with nanocarbon substrates. Langmuir, 26, 2244-2247. DOI: 10.1021/la9048743.CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

  • Anu Prathap, M. U., Chaurasia, A. K., Sawant, S. N., & Apte, S. K. (2012). Polyaniline-based highly sensitive microbial biosensor for selective detection of lindane. Analytical Chemistry, 84, 6672-6678. DOI: 10.1021/ac301077d.CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

  • Belkin, S. S. (2003). Microbial whole-cell sensing systems of environmental pollutants. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 6, 206-212. DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5274(03)00059-6.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Bertok, T., Sediva, A., Katrlik, J., Gemeiner, P., Mikula, M., Nosko, M., & Tkac, J. (2013). Label-free detection of glycoproteins by the lectin biosensor down to attomolar level using gold nanoparticles. Talanta, 108, 11-18. DOI:10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.052.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Bertok, T., Sediva, A., Vikartovska, A., & Tkac, J. (2014). Comparison of the 2D and 3D nanostructured lectin-based biosensors for in situ detection of sialic acid on glycoproteins. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 9, 890-900.Google Scholar

  • Bianco, A. (2013). Graphene: Safe or toxic? The two faces of the medal. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52, 4986-4997. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209099.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Bučko, M., Mislovičová, D., Nahálka, J., Vikartovská, A., Šefčovičová, J., Katrlík, J., Tkáč, J., Gemeiner, P., Lacík, I., Štefuca, V., Polakovič, M., Rosenberg, M., Rebroš, M., Šmogrovičová, D., & Švitel, J. (2012). Immobilization in biotechnology and biorecognition: from macro- to nanoscale systems. Chemical Papers, 66, 983-998. DOI:10.2478/s11696-012-0226-3.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Byfield, M. P., & Abuknesha, R. A. (1994). Biochemical aspects of biosensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 9, 373-399. DOI: 10.1016/0956-5663(94)80038-3.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Chen, J., Yu, Z. G., Sun, J. F., Jia, J. B., & Li, G. X. (2008a). Preparation of biofilm electrode with Xanthomonas sp. and carbon nanotubes and the application to rapid biochemical oxygen demand analysis in high-salt condition. Water Environment Research, 80, 699-702. DOI:10.2175/106143008x276732.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Chen, H. Q., Mu¨ller, M. B., Gilmore, K. J., Wallace, G. G., & Li, D. (2008b). Mechanically strong, electrically conductive, and biocompatible graphene paper. Advanced Materials, 20, 3557-3561. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200800757.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Chen, G. Y., Pang, D. W. P., Hwang, S. M., Tuan, H. Y., & Hu, Y. C. (2012). A graphene-based platform for induced pluripotent stem cells culture and differentiation. Biomaterials, 33, 418-427. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.071.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Chen, J., Sun, S., Li, C. Z., Zhu, Y. G., & Rosen, B. P. (2014). Biosensor for organoarsenical herbicides and growth promoters. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 1141-1147. DOI: 10.1021/es4038319.CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

  • Cipolatti, E. P., Silva, M. J. A., Klein, M., Feddern, V., Feltes, M. M. C., Oliveira, J. V., Ninow, J. L., & de Oliveira, D. (2014). Current status and trends in enzymatic nanoimmobilization. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 99, 56-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.10.019.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Cui, R. J., Huang, H. P., Yin, Z. Z., Gao, D., & Zhu, J. J. (2008). Horseradish peroxidase-functionalized gold nanoparticle label for amplified immunoanalysis based on gold nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes hybrids modified biosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 23, 1666-1673. DOI:10.1016/j.bios.2008.01.034.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Daniel, M. C., & Astruc, D. (2004). Gold nanoparticles: Assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Chemical Reviews, 104, 293-346. DOI:10.1021/cr030698+.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Demirkol, D. O., & Timur, S. (2011). Chitosan matrices modified with carbon nanotubes for use in mediated microbial biosensing. Microchimica Acta, 173, 537-542. DOI:10.1007/s00604-011-0596-1.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • De Muynck, C., Pereira, C. S. S., Naessens, M., Parmentier, S., Soetaert, W., & Vandamme, E. J. (2007). The genus Gluconobacter oxydans: Comprehensive overview of biochemistry and biotechnological applications. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 27, 147-171. DOI: 10.1080/07388550701503584.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Deng, L., Guo, S. J., Zhou, M., Liu, L., Liu, C., & Dong, S. J. (2010). A silk derived carbon fiber mat modified with Au@Pt urchilike nanoparticles: A new platform as electrochemical microbial biosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 25, 2189-2193. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.02.005.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • D’Souza, S. F. (2001). Microbial biosensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 16, 337-353. DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(01)00125-7.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Fakhrullin, R. F., Shlykova, L. V., Zamaleeva, A. I., Nurgaliev, D. K., Osin, Y. N., García-Alonso, J., & Paunov, V. N. (2010). Interfacing living unicellular algae cells with biocompatible polyelectrolyte-stabilised magnetic nanoparticles. Macromolecular Bioscience, 10, 1257-1264. DOI:10.1002/mabi.201000161.CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

  • Filip, J., Šefčovičová, J., Tomčík, P., Gemeiner, P., & Tkac, J. (2011). A hyaluronic acid dispersed carbon nanotube electrode used for a mediatorless NADH sensing and biosensing.PubMedGoogle Scholar

  • Talanta, 84, 355-361. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.004. Gao, J. H., Gu, H. W., & Xu, B. (2009). Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles: Design, synthesis, and biomedical applications. Accounts of Chemical Research, 42, 1097-1107. DOI:10.1021/ar9000026.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Geim, A. K. (2009). Graphene: Status and prospects. Science, 324, 1530-1534. DOI: 10.1126/science.1158877. Giouroudi, I., & Keplinger, F. (2013). Microfluidic biosensing systems using magnetic nanoparticles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14, 18535-18556. DOI:10.3390/ijms140918535.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Goenka, S., Sant, V., & Sant, S. (2014). Graphene-based nanomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Journal of Controlled Release, 173, 75-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.017.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Habib, O., Demirkol, D. O., & Timur, S. (2012). Sol-gel/chitosan/gold nanoparticle-modified electrode in mediated bacterial biosensor. Food Analytical Methods, 5, 188-194. DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9248-7.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hnaien, M., Lagarde, F., Bausells, J., Errachid, A., & JaffrezicRenault, N. (2011a). A new bacterial biosensor for trichloroethylene detection based on a three-dimensional carbon nanotubes bioarchitecture. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 400, 1083-1092. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4336-x.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hnaien, M., Bourigua, S., Bessueille, F., Bausells, J., Errachid, A., Lagarde, F., & Jaffrezic-Renault, N. (2011b).Impedimetric microbial biosensor based on single wall car- bon nanotube modified microelectrodes for trichloroethy- lene detection. Electrochimica Acta, 56, 10353-10358. DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.04.041.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Iijima, S. (1991). Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature, 354, 56-58. DOI: 10.1038/354056a0.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Jaffrezic-Renault, N., & Dzyadevych, S. V. (2008). Conductometric microbiosensors for environmental monitoring. Sensors, 8, 2569-2588. DOI: 10.3390/s8042569.Jiang, W., Mashayekhi, H., & Xing, B. S. (2009). Bacterial toxicity comparison between nano- and micro-scaled oxide particles. Environmental Pollution, 157, 1619-1625. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.12.025.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Kang, S., Mauter, M. S., & Elimelech, M. (2008). Physicochemical determinants of multiwalled carbon nanotube bacterial cytotoxicity. Environmental Science & Technology, 42, 7528-7534. DOI: 10.1021/es8010173.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Karthikeyan, R., Sathish kumar, K., Murugesan, M., Berchmans, S., & Yegnaraman, V. (2009). Bioelectrocatalysis of Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus for current generation. Environmental Science and Technology, 43, 8684-8689. DOI: 10.1021/es901993y.CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

  • Karthikeyan, R., & Berchmans, S. (2012). Simultaneous degradation of bad wine and electricity generation with the aid of the coexisting biocatalysts Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus. Bioresource Technology, 104, 388-393.DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.092.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Kasemets, K., Ivask, A., Dubourguier, H. C., & Kahru, A. (2009). Toxicity of nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO and TiO2 to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxicology in Vitro, 23, 1116-1122. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.05.015.Google Scholar

  • Katrlík, J., Voštiar, I., Šefčovičová, J., Tkáč, J., Mastihuba, V., Valach, M., Štefuca, V., & Gemeiner, P. (2007). A novel microbial biosensor based on cells of Gluconobacter oxydans for the selective determination of 1,3-propanediol in the presence of glycerol and its application to bioprocess monitoring. Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, 388, 287-295. DOI:10.1007/s00216-007-1211-5.Google Scholar

  • Kim, S. K., Kwen, H. D., & Choi, S. H. (2011). Fabrication of a microbial biosensor based on QD-MWNT supports by a one-step radiation reaction and detection of phenolic compounds in red wines. Sensors, 11, 2001-2012. DOI:10.3390/s110202001.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Kirgoz, U¨ . A., Timur, S., Odaci, D., Pérez, B., Alegret, S., & Merko¸ci, A. (2007). Carbon nanotube composite as novel platform for microbial biosensor. Electroanalysis, 19, 893-898. DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603786.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Kochmann, S., Hirsch, T., & Wolfbeis, O. S. (2012). Graphenes in chemical sensors and biosensors. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 39, 87-113. DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.06.004.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Kondo, T., & Ikeda, T. (1999). An electrochemical method for the measurements of substrate-oxidizing activity of acetic acid bacteria using a carbon-paste electrode modified with immobilized bacteria. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 51, 664-668. DOI: 10.1007/s002530051448.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Lee, W. C., Lim, C. H. Y. X., Shi, H., Tang, L. A. L., Wang, Y., Lim, C. T., & Loh, K. P. (2011). Origin of enhanced stem cell growth and differentiation on graphene and graphene oxide. ACS Nano, 5, 7334-7341. DOI: 10.1021/nn202190c.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Lei, Y., Chen, W., & Mulchandani, A. (2006). Microbial biosensors. Analytica Chimica Acta, 568, 200-210. DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2005.11.065.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Li, Y. Y., Schluesener, H. J., & Xu, S. Q. (2010). Gold nanoparticle-based biosensors. Gold Bulletin, 43, 29-41. DOI: 10.1007/bf03214964.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Li, L., Liang, B., Shi, J. G., Li, F., Mascini, M., & Liu, A. (2012). A selective and sensitive D-xylose electrochemical biosensor based on xylose dehydrogenase displayed on the Pumera, M., Ambrosi, A., Bonanni, A., Chng, E. L. K., & Poh, H. L. (2010). Graphene for electrochemical sensing and biosensing. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 29, 954-965. DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.05.011.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Pumera, M. (2013). Electrochemistry of graphene, graphene oxide and other graphenoids: Review. Electrochemistry Communications, 36, 14-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.08.028.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Putzbach, W., & Ronkainen, N. J. (2013). Immobilization techniques in the fabrication of nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors: A review. Sensors, 13, 4811-4840. DOI:10.3390/s130404811.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Rao, C. N. R., Subrahmanyam, K. S., Ramakrishna Matte, H. S. S., Maitra, U., Moses, K., & Govindaraj, A. (2011). Graphene: Synthesis, functionalization and properties. International Journal of Modern Physics B, 25, 4107-4143. DOI:10.1142/s0217979211059358.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Rawson, F. J., Garrett, D. J., Leech, D., Downard, A. J., & Baronian, K. H. R. (2011). Electron transfer from Proteus vulgaris to a covalently assembled, single walled carbon nanotube electrode functionalised with osmium bipyridine complex: Application to a whole cell biosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 26, 2383-2389. DOI:10.1016/j.bios.2010.10.016.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Rogers, P. H., Benkstein, K. D., & Semancik, S. (2012). Machine learning applied to chemical analysis: Sensing multiple biomarkers in simulated breath using a temperature-pulsed electronic-nose. Analytical Chemistry, 84, 9774-9781. DOI:10.1021/ac301687j.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Rosi, N. L., & Mirkin, C. A. (2005). Nanostructures in biodiagnostics. Chemical Reviews, 105, 1547-1562. DOI:10.1021/cr030067f.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Reshetilov, A. N. (2005). Microbial, enzymatic, and immune biosensors for ecological monitoring and control of biotechnological processes. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 41, 442-449. DOI: 10.1007/s10438-005-0079-4.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Saei, A. A., & Dolatabadi, J. E. N. (2013). Electrochemical biosensors for glucose based on metal nanoparticles. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 42, 216-227. DOI:10.1016/j.trac.2012.09.011.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Simon-Deckers, A., Loo, S., Mayne-L’hermite, M., HerlinBoime, N., Menguy, N., Reynaud, C., Gouget, B.,& Carrière, M. (2009). Size-, composition- and shape-dependent toxicological impact of metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes toward bacteria. Environmental Science & Technology, 43, 8423-8429. DOI: 10.1021/es9016975.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Šefčovičová, J., Filip, J., Gemeiner, P., Vikartovská, A., Pätoprstý, V., & Tkac, J. (2011). High performance microbial 3-D bionanocomposite as a bioanode for a mediated biosensor device. Electrochemistry Communications, 13, 966-968. DOI:10.1016/j.elecom.2011.06.013.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Šefčovičová, J., Filip, J., Mastihuba, V., Gemeiner, P., & Tkac, J. (2012). Analysis of ethanol in fermentation samples by a robust nanocomposite-based microbial biosensor. Biotechnology Letters, 34, 1033-1039. DOI: 10.1007/s10529-0120875-x.CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

  • Sin, M. L. Y., Mach, K. E., Wong, P. K., & Liao, J. C. (2014). Advances and challenges in biosensor-based diagnosis of infectious diseases. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 14, 225-244. DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.888313.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Souiri, M., Gammoudi, I., Ouada, H. B., Mora, L., Jouenne, T., Jaffrezic-Renault, N., Dejous, C., Othmane, A., & Duncan, A. C. (2009). Escherichia coli-functionalized magnetic nanobeads as an ultrasensitive biosensor for heavy metals. Procedia Chemistry, 1, 1027-1030. DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2009.07.256.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Su, L., Jia, W. Z., Hou, C. G., & Lei, Y. (2011). Micro- bial biosensors: A review. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 26, 1788-1799. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.09.005.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Švitel, J., Tkáč, J., Voštiar, I., Navrátil, M., Štefuca, V., Bučko, M., & Gemeiner, P. (2006). Gluconobacter in biosensors: applications of whole cells and enzymes isolated from gluconobacter and acetobacter to biosensor construction. Biotechnology Letters, 28, 2003-2010. DOI: 10.1007/s10529006-9195-3.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Syed, M. A. (2014). Advances in nanodiagnostic techniques for microbial agents. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 51, 391-400. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.010.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Timur, S., Anik, U., Odaci, D., & Gorton, L. (2007). Development of a microbial biosensor based on carbon nanotube (CNT) modified electrodes. Electrochemistry Communications, 9, 1810-1815. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.04.012.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Tkac, J., Vostiar, I., Gorton, L., Gemeiner, P., & Sturdik, E. (2003). Improved selectivity of microbial biosensor using membrane coating. Application to the analysis of ethanol during fermentation. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 18, 1125-1134. DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00244-0.CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

  • Tkac, J., Svitel, J., Vostiar, I., Navratil, M., & Gemeiner, P. (2009). Membrane-bound dehydrogenases from Gluconobacter sp.: Interfacial electrochemistry and direct bioelectrocatalysis. Bioelectrochemistry, 76, 53-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.02.013. van der Meer, J. R., & Belkin, S. (2010). Where microbiology meets microengineering: design and applications of reporter bacteria. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 8, 511-522. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2392.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Vostiar, I., Ferapontova, E. E., & Gorton, L. (2004). Electrical ”wiring” of viable Gluconobacter oxydans cells with a flexible osmium-redox polyelectrolyte. Electrochemistry Communications, 6, 621-626. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.04.017.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Wang, J. (2005a). Nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors. Analyst, 130, 421-426. DOI: 10.1039/b414248a.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Wang, J. (2005b). Carbon-nanotube based electrochemical biosensors: A review. Electroanalysis, 17, 7-14. DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403113.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Wang, H. W., Lang, Q. L., Li, L., Liang, B., Tang, X. J., Kong, L. G., Mascini, M., & Liu, A. (2013). Yeast surface displaying glucose oxidase as whole-cell biocatalyst: Construction, characterization, and its electrochemical glucose sensing application. Analytical Chemistry, 85, 6107-6112. DOI:10.1021/ac400979r.PubMedCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Xu, X., & Ying, Y. (2011). Microbial biosensors for environmental monitoring and food analysis. Food Reviews International, 27, 300-329. DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2011.563393.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Yang, C. N., Mamouni, J., Tang, Y. G., & Yang, L. J. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of single-walled carbon nanotubes: Length effect. Langmuir, 26, 16013-16019. DOI:10.1021/la103110g.CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

  • Zamaleeva, A. I., Sharipova, I. R., Shamagsumova, R. V., Ivanov, A. N., Evtugyn, G. A., Ishmuchametova, D. G., & Fakhrullin, R. F. (2011). A whole-cell amperometric herbicide biosensor based on magnetically functionalised microalgae and screen-printed electrodes. Analytical Methods, 3, 509-513. DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00627k.CrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Zhang, Y. Z., Mo, G. Q., Li, X. W., Zhang, W., Zhang, J. Q., Ye, J. S., Huang, X. D., & Yu, C. Z. (2011). A graphene modified anode to improve the performance of microbial fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 196, 5402-5407. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.02.06. CrossrefGoogle Scholar

About the article

Received: 2014-03-22

Revised: 2014-04-25

Accepted: 2014-04-28

Published Online: 2014-11-28

Published in Print: 2015-01-01

Citation Information: Chemical Papers, Volume 69, Issue 1, Pages 42–53, ISSN (Online) 1336-9075, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-014-0602-2.

Export Citation

© 2015 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences.Get Permission

Comments (0)

Please log in or register to comment.
Log in