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Publicly Available Published by De Gruyter September 26, 2009

Thermodynamics: Nano vs. macro

  • Michel Wautelet and Aram S. Shirinyan

Abstract

Ordinary macroscopic thermodynamics is applied when the number of atoms in the studied systems is "large". Conditions where nanosystems are "large" with respect to thermodynamics definition are first discussed. In the thermodynamical regime, size and shape effects are known to be important. It has been known for a long time that the melting temperature of nanosystems decreases when their size decreases. A generalization of this leads to the conclusion that phase diagrams are also size- and shape-dependent. In nanosystems, the number of atoms is limited. This differs from classical thermodynamics, where the number of atoms is assumed to be unlimited. The consequences of this difference for the definition of phase diagrams are discussed. In particular, the liquidus and solidus lines have to be carefully defined. The structure of the two-phase nanoparticles also plays a role in the calculation of the phase diagrams.


Conference

International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics (ICCT 20), Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics, ICCT, Chemical Thermodynamics, 20th, Warsaw, Poland, 2008-08-03–2008-08-08


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Published Online: 2009-09-26
Published in Print: 2009-09-26

© 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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