In order for solar energy to serve as a primary energy source, it must be paired with energy storage on a massive scale. At this scale, solar fuels and energy storage in chemical bonds is the only practical approach. Solar fuels are produced in massive amounts by photosynthesis with the reduction of CO2 by water to give carbohydrates but efficiencies are low. In photosystem II (PSII), the oxygen-producing site for photosynthesis, light absorption and sensitization trigger a cascade of coupled electron-proton transfer events with time scales ranging from picoseconds to microseconds. Oxidative equivalents are built up at the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) for water oxidation by the Kok cycle. A systematic approach to artificial photo-synthesis is available based on a “modular approach” in which the separate functions of a final device are studied separately, maximized for rates and stability, and used as modules in constructing integrated devices based on molecular assemblies, nanoscale arrays, self-assembled monolayers, etc. Considerable simplification is available by adopting a “dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell” (DSPEC) approach inspired by dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Water oxidation catalysis is a key feature, and significant progress has been made in developing a single-site solution and surface catalysts based on polypyridyl complexes of Ru. In this series, ligand variations can be used to tune redox potentials and reactivity over a wide range. Water oxidation electrocatalysis has been extended to chromophore-catalyst assemblies for both water oxidation and DSPEC applications.
Pure and Applied Chemistry
The Scientific Journal of IUPAC
Ed. by Burrows, Hugh / Stohner, Jürgen
12 Issues per year
IMPACT FACTOR 2016: 2.626
5-year IMPACT FACTOR: 3.210
CiteScore 2017: 3.42
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2017: 1.212
Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2017: 1.546
- Online
- ISSN
- 1365-3075
Making solar fuels by artificial photosynthesis
Free Access
Keywords: artificial synthesis; CO2 reduction; proton-coupled electron transfer; solar fuel; water oxidation
Conference
IUPAC Symposium on Photochemistry, International Symposium on Photochemistry, PHOTO, Photochemistry, XXIIIrd, Ferrara, Italy, 2010-07-11–2010-07-16
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About the article
Published Online: 2011-03-14
Published in Print: 2011-03-14
Citation Information: Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 83, Issue 4, Pages 749–768, ISSN (Online) 1365-3075, ISSN (Print) 0033-4545, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-CON-10-11-09.
© 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
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