The numerical modeling of CdII speciation amongst the environmental inorganic ligands Cl–, OH–, CO32–, SO42–, and PO43– requires reliable values for the relevant stability (formation) constants. This paper compiles and provides a critical review of these constants and related thermodynamic data. It recommends values of log10βp,q,r° valid at Im = 0 mol kg–1 and 25 °C (298.15 K), along with the equations and empirical reaction ion interaction coefficients, ∆ε , required to calculate log10βp,q,r values at higher ionic strengths using the Brønsted–Guggenheim–Scatchard specific ion interaction theory (SIT). Values for the corresponding reaction enthalpies, ∆rH, are reported where available. Unfortunately, with the exception of the CdII-chlorido system and (at low ionic strengths) the CdII-sulfato system, the equilibrium reactions for the title systems are relatively poorly characterized. In weakly acidic fresh water systems (–log10 {[H+]/c°} < 6), in the absence of organic ligands (e.g., humic substances), CdII speciation is dominated by Cd2+(aq), with CdSO4(aq) as a minor species. In this respect, CdII is similar to CuII [2007PBa] and PbII [2009PBa]. However, in weakly alkaline fresh water solutions, 7.5 < –log10 {[H+]/c°} < 8.6, the speciation of CdII is still dominated by Cd2+(aq), whereas for CuII [2007PBa] and PbII [2009PBa] the carbonato- species MCO3(aq) dominates. In weakly acidic saline systems (–log10 {[H+]/cϒ} < 6; –log10 {[Cl–]/c°} < 2.0) the speciation is dominated by CdCln(2–n)+ complexes, (n = 1–3), with Cd2+(aq) as a minor species. This is qualitatively similar to the situation for CuII and PbII. However, in weakly alkaline saline solutions, including seawater, the chlorido- complexes still dominate the speciation of CdII because of the relatively low stability of CdCO3(aq). In contrast, the speciation of CuII [2007PBa] and PbII [2009PBa] in seawater is dominated by the respective species MCO3(aq). There is scope for additional high-quality measurements in the Cd2+ + H+ + CO32– system as the large uncertainties in the stability constants for the Cd2+-carbonato complexes significantly affect the speciation calculations.
References
25WIa 10.1002/recl.19250440804, H. J. de Wijs. Rec. Trav. Chim.44, 663 (1925).Search in Google Scholar
27DAb C. W. Davies. Trans. Faraday Soc.23, 351 (1927).Search in Google Scholar
28PIa J. Piater. Z. Anorg. Chem.174, 321 (1928).10.1002/zaac.19281740133Search in Google Scholar
30RDa 10.1039/tf9302600592, E. C. Righellato, C. W. Davies. Trans. Faraday Soc.26, 592 (1930).Search in Google Scholar
32ISa F. Ishikawa, E. Shibata. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Ser. 121, 499 (1932).Search in Google Scholar
33JEa K. Jellinek, F. Stuttgart. Lehrbuch Phys. Chemie, 2nd ed. (1933).Search in Google Scholar
36HFa 10.1021/ja01303a070, H. S. Harned, M. E. Fitzgerald. J. Am. Chem. Soc.58, 2624 (1936).Search in Google Scholar
31LAM 10.1021/ja01357a003, V. K. La Mer, W. G. Parks. J. Am. Chem. Soc.53, 2040 (1931).Search in Google Scholar
38DAa 10.1039/jr9380002093, C. W. Davies. J. Chem. Soc. 2093 (1938).Search in Google Scholar
38OKa Y. Oka. J. Chem. Soc. Jpn.59, 971 (1938).10.1246/nikkashi1921.59.971Search in Google Scholar
41LEa I. Leden. Z. Phys. Chem. A188, 160 (1941).10.1515/zpch-1941-18815Search in Google Scholar
42MRa 10.1021/j150418a006, T. Moeller, P. W. Rhymer. J. Phys. Chem.46, 477 (1942).Search in Google Scholar
43Lea I. Leden. Dissertation, Lund University (1943).Search in Google Scholar
45FEa 10.1002/hlca.6602801205, W. Feitknecht. Helv. Chim. Acta28, 1444 (1945).Search in Google Scholar
49KIa 10.1021/ja01169a089, E. L. King. J. Am. Chem. Soc.71, 319 (1949).Search in Google Scholar
50AFa N. V. Aksel’rud, Y. A. Fialkov. Ukr. Khim. Zh.16, 28 (1950).Search in Google Scholar
51FRb 10.1002/hlca.19510340722, W. Feitknecht, R. Reinmann. Helv. Chim. Acta34, 2255 (1951).Search in Google Scholar
51VIa E. N. Vinogradova. Trudy An. Khim. Akad. Nauk SSSR3, 127 (1951).Search in Google Scholar
52CCa 10.1021/ja01140a019, S. Chaberek, R. C. Courtney, A. E. Martell. J. Am. Chem. Soc.74, 5057 (1952).Search in Google Scholar
52LEa 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.06-0971, I. Leden. Acta Chem. Scand.6, 971 (1952).Search in Google Scholar
53VDa 10.1021/ja01118a056, C. E. Vanderzee, H. J. Dawson Jr. J. Am. Chem. Soc.75, 5659 (1953).Search in Google Scholar
53ERa 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.07-1146, L. Eriksson. Acta Chem. Scand.7, 1146 (1953).Search in Google Scholar
54FRO 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.08-1174, S. Fronæus. Acta Chem. Scand.8, 1174 (1954).Search in Google Scholar
54GOa G. Goward. Ph.D. dissertation, Princeton University (1954).Search in Google Scholar
54NRa M. S. Novakovskii, A. P. Ryazantseva. Uch. Zapiski Khar’kov Univ. 54 (1954).Search in Google Scholar
57GWa 10.1021/j150549a020, K. H. Gayer, L. Woontner. J. Phys. Chem.61, 364 (1957).Search in Google Scholar
57KLa P. Kivalo, R. Luoto. Suomen Kem. B30, 163 (1957).Search in Google Scholar
58FNa 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.12-0878, M. Frydman, G. Nilsson, T. Rengemo, L. G. Sillen. Acta Chem. Scand.12, 878 (1958).Search in Google Scholar
58LGa 10.1139/v58-156, P. E. Lake, J. M. Goodings. Can. J. Chem.36, 1089 (1958).Search in Google Scholar
58SIL 10.1016/0022-1902(58)80180-3, L. G. Sillén. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.8, 176 (1958).Search in Google Scholar
58TFa 10.1021/ja01552a012, W. B. Treumann, L. M. Ferris. J. Am. Chem. Soc.80, 5048 (1958).Search in Google Scholar
59KBa I. M. Korenman, V. Burova. Trudy po Khim. Tekh. (Univ. Gor’kii)2, 366 (1959).Search in Google Scholar
59ROB R. A. Robinson, R. H. Stokes, Electrolyte Solutions, 2nd ed., p. 483, Butterworths, London (1959).Search in Google Scholar
59SCa 10.1002/hlca.19590420746, P. Schindler. Helv. Chim. Acta42, 2736 (1959).Search in Google Scholar
59SLc S. A. Shchularev, L. S. Lilich, V. A. Latysheva, I. I. Chuburkova. Vestnik Leningr. Univ.14, 66 (1959).Search in Google Scholar
61CAa V. G. Chukhlantsev, K. V. Alyamovskaya. Izv. Vuz. Khim.4, 706 (1961).Search in Google Scholar
62BCb 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.16-2221, G. Biedermann, L. Ciavatta. Acta Chem. Scand.16, 2221 (1962).Search in Google Scholar
62BDc 10.1016/0022-1902(62)80087-6, O. D. Bonner, H. Dolyniuk, C. F. Jordan, G. B. Hanson. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.24, 689 (1962).Search in Google Scholar
62BSc D. Banerjea, I. P. Singh. J. Indian Chem. Soc.39, 353 (1962).Search in Google Scholar
62DLa 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.16-1785, D. Dyrssen, P. Lumme. Acta Chem. Scand.16, 1785 (1962).Search in Google Scholar
62JPa P. K. Jena, B. Prasad. J. Indian Chem. Soc.39, 33 (1962).10.1088/0950-7671/39/9/436Search in Google Scholar
62LGa V. A. Latysheva, L. R. Goryanina. Zh. Neorg. Khim.7, 732 (1962).Search in Google Scholar
63MKg V. E. Mironov, F. Y. Kul’ba, V. A. Nazarov. Zh. Neorg. Khim.8, 916 (1963).Search in Google Scholar
64SMd V. B. Spivakovskii, L. P. Moisa. Zh. Neorg. Khim.9, 2287 (1964).Search in Google Scholar
64STb 10.1139/v64-097, J. Ste-Marie, A. E. Torma, A. O. Guebeli. Can. J. Chem.42, 662 (1964).Search in Google Scholar
65MAd 10.1016/0022-1902(65)80034-3, L. W. Marple. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.27, 1693 (1965).Search in Google Scholar
65GSa 10.1002/hlca.19650480408, H. Gamsjaeger, H. U. Stuber, P. Schindler. Helv. Chim. Acta48, 723 (1965).Search in Google Scholar
65HSc 10.1016/0022-1902(65)80197-X, H. E. Hellwege, G. K. Schweitzer. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.27, 99 (1965).Search in Google Scholar
65LIN W. F. Linke. Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Compounds, 4th ed., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1965).Search in Google Scholar
65POa R. Pottel. Ber. Buns. Phys. Chem.69, 363 (1965).10.1002/bbpc.19650690502Search in Google Scholar
65RDa 10.1139/v65-135, D. E. Ryan, J. R. Dean, R. M. Cassidy. Can. J. Chem.43, 999 (1965).Search in Google Scholar
66GEb 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.20-0079, P. Gerding. Acta Chem. Scand.20, 79 (1966).Search in Google Scholar
66SGa A. Swinarski, A. Grodzicki. Roczniki Chem.40, 373 (1966).10.2307/40121027Search in Google Scholar
67AKc 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-2180, R. Arnek, W. Kakolowicz. Acta Chem. Scand.21, 2180 (1967).Search in Google Scholar
67MFa V. E. Mironov, A. V. Fokina. Zh. Neorg. Khim.12, 2571 (1967).Search in Google Scholar
68GJc 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.22-2247, P. Gerding, I. Jönsson. Acta Chem. Scand.22, 2247 (1968).Search in Google Scholar
68PRd B. Prasad. J. Indian Chem. Soc.45, 1037 (1968).Search in Google Scholar
69BGa F. Becker, R. Grundmann. Z. Phys. Chem. (Munich)66, 137 (1969).10.1524/zpch.1969.66.1_3.137Search in Google Scholar
69BSd W. G. Baldwin, L. G. Sillén. Ark. Kemi31, 391 (1970).Search in Google Scholar
69IEa 10.1039/j19690000047, R. M. Izatt, D. Eatough, J. J. Christensen, C. H. Bartholomew. J. Chem. Soc. A 47 (1969).Search in Google Scholar
69SPa G. Sahu, B. Prasad. J. Indian Chem. Soc.46, 233 (1969).10.1080/00325481.1969.11697225Search in Google Scholar
70ARb R. Arnek. Ark. Kemi32, 55 (1970).Search in Google Scholar
70LAe 10.1021/j100712a016, J. W. Larson. J. Phys. Chem.74, 3392 (1970).Search in Google Scholar
71FCb V. A. Fedorov, G. E. Chernikova, T. N. Kalosh, V. E. Mironov. Zh. Neorg. Khim.16, 325 (1971).Search in Google Scholar
71FCc V. A. Fedorov, G. E. Chernikova, V. E. Mironov. Zh. Neorg. Khim.16, 918 (1971).Search in Google Scholar
71GTa 10.1002/hlca.19710540820, A. O. Gübeli, R. Taillon. Helv. Chim. Acta54, 2559 (1971).Search in Google Scholar
72CAc 10.1021/je60052a039, S. Chakrabarti, S. Aditya. J. Chem. Eng. Data17, 46 (1972).Search in Google Scholar
72FKc V. A. Fedorov, L. I. Kiprin, V. E. Mironov. Zh. Neorg. Khim.17, 1233 (1972).Search in Google Scholar
72PIa 10.1039/f29726800101, K. S. Pitzer. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 268, 101 (1972).Search in Google Scholar
73FCa V. A. Fedorov, G. E. Chernikova, M. A. Kuznechikhina, V. E. Mironov. Zh. Neorg. Khim.18, 645 (1973).Search in Google Scholar
73HHb 10.1039/dt9730001247, M. H. Hutchinson, W. C. E. Higginson. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1247 (1973).Search in Google Scholar
73HSa S. Hietanen, L. G. Sillén, E. Högfeldt. Chem. Scr.3, 65 (1973).Search in Google Scholar
73NMb T. Nozaki, T. Mise, K. Torii. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 2030 (1973).10.1246/nikkashi.1973.2030Search in Google Scholar
73POa 10.1039/dt9730001947, H. K. J. Powell. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1947 (1973).Search in Google Scholar
74BIa G. Biedermann, J. Lagrange, P. Lagrange. Chem. Scr.5, 153 (1974).Search in Google Scholar
74BLb 10.1016/0022-1902(74)80694-9, J. W. Bixler, T. M. Larson. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.36, 224 (1974).Search in Google Scholar
74BLN A. A. Berdyev, N. B. Lezhnev, G. A. Nazarova, M. G. Shubina. Zh. Fiz. Khim.16, 2796 (1971).Search in Google Scholar
74EMa 10.1021/je60062a018, I. Eliezer, A. Moreno. J. Chem. Eng. Data19, 226 (1974).Search in Google Scholar
74FRc V. A. Fedorov, A. M. Robov, V. P. Plekhanov, V. V. Kudruk, M. A. Kuznechikhina, G. E. Chernikova. Zh. Neorg. Khim.19, 1255 (1974).Search in Google Scholar
74GAa 10.1016/0043-1354(74)90005-0, J. Gardiner. Water Res.8, 23 (1974).Search in Google Scholar
74RMb 10.1016/0022-1902(74)80136-3, S. Ramamoorthy, P. Manning. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.36, 695 (1974).Search in Google Scholar
75FCa V. A. Fedorov, G. E. Chernikova, M. A. Kuznechikhina, T. I. Kuznetsova. Zh. Neorg. Khim.20, 2912 (1975).Search in Google Scholar
75KLa M. Y. Kutuzova, L. E. Leshchishina, V. A. Federov. Zh. Neorg. Khim.20, 817 (1975).Search in Google Scholar
76KAa 10.1007/BF00645461, S. Katayama. J. Solution Chem.5, 241 (1976).Search in Google Scholar
76BHa 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)82850-6, H. Bilinski, R. Huston, W. Stumm. Anal. Chim. Acta84, 157 (1976).Search in Google Scholar
76BMa C. F. Baes, R. E. Mesmer. The Hydrolysis of Cations, John Wiley, New York (1976).Search in Google Scholar
76SHA 10.1107/S0567739476001551, R. D. Shannon. Acta Crystallogr., A32, 751 (1976).Search in Google Scholar
77BGa K. A. Burkov, L. A. Garmash, L. S. Lilich. Vestnik Leningr. Univ. 83 (1977).Search in Google Scholar
77BGb K. A. Burkov, L. A. Garmash. Zh. Neorg. Khim.22, 536 (1977).Search in Google Scholar
77HHb 10.1016/S0022-0728(77)80379-3, G. A. Heath, G. Hefter. J. Electroanal. Chem.84, 295 (1977).Search in Google Scholar
77MOa 10.1246/bcsj.50.1472, H. Matsui, H. Ohtaki. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.50, 1472 (1977).Search in Google Scholar
78ARa 10.1021/ic50187a033, R. Aruga. Inorg. Chem.17, 2503 (1978).Search in Google Scholar
80SRa 10.1016/0304-4203(80)90005-5, L. Sipos, B. Raspor, H. W. Nürnberg, R. M. Pytkowicz. Marine Chem.9, 37 (1980).Search in Google Scholar
81MBa 10.1016/0022-1902(81)80450-2, D. de Marco, A. Bellomo, A. de Robertis. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem.43, 137 (1981).Search in Google Scholar
81YYa 10.1246/bcsj.54.2286, H. Yokoyama, H. Yamatera. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.54, 2286 (1981).Search in Google Scholar
82MAR E. A. Martell, R. M. Smith. Critical Stability Constants, Vol. 5, First Supplement, Plenum Press, New York (1982).10.1007/978-1-4615-6761-5Search in Google Scholar
82WAG D. D. Wagman, W. H. Evans, V. B. Parker, R. H. Schumm, I. Halow, S. M. Bailey, K. L. Churney, R. L. Nuttall. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data11, (Suppl. 2) (1982).Search in Google Scholar
84BAR J. Barthel, R. Buchner, H.-J. Wittmann. Z. Phys. Chem. (Munich)139, 23 (1984).10.1524/zpch.1984.139.139.023Search in Google Scholar
84STE R. Stella, V. M. T. Ganzerli, P. A. Borroni. 4thSymposium on Ion-Selective Electrodes. Mátrafüred. 633 (1984).Search in Google Scholar
85MCa J. Masłowska, E. Chruścińska. Pol. J. Chem.59, 339 (1985).Search in Google Scholar
85SGd N. Schmelzer, M. Grigo, B. Zorn, J. Einfeldt. Naturwissenschaften34, 25 (1985).Search in Google Scholar
89AGa T. Aha, A. K. Ghosh, J. C. Ghosh. J. Indian Chem. Soc.66, 762 (1989).Search in Google Scholar
89BPb 10.1016/0304-4203(89)90197-7, M. Branica, I. Pižeta, G. Branica-Jurković, M. Zelić. Marine Chem.28, 227 (1989).Search in Google Scholar
89NWa 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84108-2, L. Nyholm, G. Wikmark. Anal. Chim. Acta223, 429 (1989).Search in Google Scholar
89SAb 10.1080/09593338909384827, M. Sadiq. Environ. Technol. Lett.10, 1057 (1989).Search in Google Scholar
89TRb 10.1016/S0020-1693(00)80595-2, S. T. Trisak, B.M. Rode. Inorg. Chim. Acta160, 249 (1989).Search in Google Scholar
90CHA J. Chand, S. Mallick, S. Rath, B. Behera. J. Electrochem. Soc. India39, 221 (1990).Search in Google Scholar
90EBa A. Elyayaoui, S. Boulhassa, R. Guillaumont. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.142, 403 (1990).10.1007/BF02040310Search in Google Scholar
90SPb J. Stas, D. Pareau, A. Chesne, G. Durand. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr.127, 360 (1990).Search in Google Scholar
91KHa 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90051-6, E. Königsberger, R. Hausner, H. Gamsjaeger. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta55, 3505 (1991).Search in Google Scholar
91RFa 10.1007/BF01075134, D. Rai, A. R. Felmy, D. A. Moore. J. Solution Chem.20, 1169 (1991).Search in Google Scholar
92NEa 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.46-0231, E. Neher-Neumann. Acta Chem. Scand.46, 231 (1992).Search in Google Scholar
93MOR F. M. M. Morel, J. G. Hering. Principles and Applications of Aquatic Chemistry, John Wiley, New York (1993).Search in Google Scholar
93SPa 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90384-9, S. L. S. Stipp, G. A. Park, D. K. Nordstom, J. O. Leckie. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta57, 2699 (1993).Search in Google Scholar
93VJa M. Visic, A. Jadric, I. Mekjavic. Croatica Chem. Acta66, 489 (1993).Search in Google Scholar
94IPa M. Iuliano, R. Porta. Ann. Chim. (Rome)84, 211 (1994).10.1016/0269-7491(94)90131-7Search in Google Scholar
94RIa 10.1007/BF00972713, W. W. Rudolph, G. Irmer. J. Solution Chem.23, 663 (1994).Search in Google Scholar
95STa H. P. Srivastava, D. Tiwari. Indian J. Chem. A34, 550 (1995).Search in Google Scholar
96SSa A. Saha, N. Saha, L.-N. Ji, J. Zhao, F. Gregán, S. A. S. Sajadi, B. Song, H. Sigel. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem.1, 231 (1996).10.1007/s007750050048Search in Google Scholar
97GRE I. Grenthe, A. V. Plyasunov, K. Spahiu. In Modelling in Aquatic Chemistry, I. Grenthe, I. Puigdomenech (Eds.), pp. 325–426, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (1997).Search in Google Scholar
98ALa 10.1023/A:1006932412218, P. Arranz-Mascarós, R. López-Garzón, L. Godino-Salido, D. Gutiérrez-Valero. Transition Met. Chem.23, 501 (1998).Search in Google Scholar
98RUD 10.1039/a705212j, W. W. Rudolph. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans.94, 489 (1998).Search in Google Scholar
99GPa 10.1023/A:1021716027817, H. Gamsjäger, W. Preis, E. Königsberger, M. C. Magalhães, P. Brandão. J. Solution Chem.28, 711 (1999).Search in Google Scholar
2000KAa 10.1016/S0020-1693(99)00435-1, Y. Kanekiyo, S. Aizawa, N. Koshino, S. Funahashi. Inorg. Chim. Acta298, 154 (2000).Search in Google Scholar
2000TMa 10.1021/je990336s, N. G. Tsierkezos, I. E. Molinou. J. Chem. Eng. Data45, 819 (2000).Search in Google Scholar
2001AMa 10.1021/je000199v, M. Ayati, H. Madsen. J. Chem. Eng. Data46, 113 (2001).Search in Google Scholar
2001MTa 10.1021/je0101101, I. E. Molinou, N. G. Tsierkezos. J. Chem. Eng. Data46, 1399 (2001).Search in Google Scholar
2001TVa R. Tomas, M. Visic, I. Tominic, V. Sokol. Croatica Chem. Acta74, 91 (2001).Search in Google Scholar
2003RUD 10.1039/b308951g, W. W. Rudolph, G. Irmer, G. T. Hefter. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.5, 5253 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
2004BCa 10.1021/jp034870p, R. Buchner, T. Chen, G. T. Hefter. J. Phys. Chem. B108, 2365 (2004).Search in Google Scholar
2005BES 10.1016/j.molliq.2004.07.023, M. Bešter-Rogač, V. Babič, T. M. Perger, R. Neueder, J. Barthel. J. Mol. Liq.118, 111 (2005).Search in Google Scholar
2005CHE 10.1007/s10953-005-6993-5, T. Chen, G. T. Hefter, R. Buchner. J. Solution Chem.34, 1045 (2005).Search in Google Scholar
2005PBa 10.1351/pac200577040739, K. J. Powell, P. L. Brown, R. H. Byrne, T. Gajda, G. Hefter, S. Sjöberg, H. Wanner. Pure Appl. Chem.77, 739 (2005).Search in Google Scholar
2006ARa C. Akilan, N. Rohman, G. T. Hefter, R. Buchner. Chem. Phys. Chem.7, 2319 (2006).10.1002/cphc.200600342Search in Google Scholar
2006HEF 10.1351/pac200678081571, G. T. Hefter. Pure Appl. Chem.78, 1571 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
2006MAR 10.1021/cr040087x, Y. Marcus, G. T. Hefter. Chem. Rev.106, 4585 (2006).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
2007PBa 10.1351/pac200779050895, K. J. Powell, P. L. Brown, R. H. Byrne, T. Gajda, G. Hefter, S. Sjöberg, H. Wanner. Pure Appl. Chem.79, 895 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
2008MAT 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.010, J. Matusik, T. Bajda, M. Manecki. J. Hazard. Mater.152, 1332 (2008).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
2009PBa 10.1351/PAC-REP-09-03-05, K. J. Powell, P. L. Brown, R. H. Byrne, T. Gajda, G. Hefter, A.-K. Leuz, S Sjöberg, H. Wanner. Pure Appl. Chem.81, 2425 (2009).Search in Google Scholar
2010PET L. D. Pettit, K. J. Powell. SC-Database, IUPAC Stability Constants Database, Release 5.8, IUPAC, Academic Software, Otley, UK (2010).Search in Google Scholar
Project Year: 1999, Project Code: 1999-050-1-500
© 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston