Even with the high costs of environmental exposure controls, as well as the chance of control failures, options for industries wanting to implement sustainability through frameworks such as green chemistry are not yet cost-effective. We foresee a “green” industrial revolution through the use of transformative technologies that provide cost-effective and sustainable products which could lead to new business opportunities. Through example, we promote the use of natural and abundant biopolymers such as chitin, combined with the solvating power of ionic liquids (ILs), as a transformative technology to develop industries that are overall better and more cost-effective than current practices. The use of shellfish waste as a source of chitin for a variety of applications, including high-value medical applications, represents a total byproduct utilization concept with realistic implications in crustacean processing industries.
Conference
International Conference on Green Chemistry (ICGC-4), IUPAC International Conference on Green Chemistry, ICGC, Green Chemistry , 4th, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, 2012-08-25–2012-08-29
References
1 http://www.epa.gov/regulations/laws/cwa.html, last accessed 10/13/12.Search in Google Scholar
2 http://www.epa.gov/oppt/greenengineering/pubs/whats_ge.html, last accessed 10/13/12.Search in Google Scholar
3 P. T. Anastas. Chem. Sus. Chem.2, 391 (2009).10.1002/cssc.200900041Search in Google Scholar PubMed
4 P. T. Anastas, J. C. Warner. The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry, Green Chemistry Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press (1998).Search in Google Scholar
5 10.1021/ar010065m, P. T. Anastas, M. M. Kirchhoff. Acc. Chem. Res.35, 686 (2002).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
6 W. M. Adams. Report of the IUCN Renowned Thinkers Meeting, 29–31 January 2006.Search in Google Scholar
7 United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005–2014), UNESCO Education Sector, International Implementation Scheme, ED/DESD/2005/PI/01, October 2005.Search in Google Scholar
8 10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.02.025, J. B. Manley, P. T. Anastas, B. W. Cue Jr. J. Cleaner Production16, 743 (2008).Search in Google Scholar
9 10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.006, C. Ververis, K. Georghiou, N. Christodoulakis, P. Santas, R. Santas. Ind. Crops Prod.19, 245 (2004).Search in Google Scholar
10 S. Saka. In Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry, D. N.-S. Hon, N. Shiraishi (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York (2001).Search in Google Scholar
11 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.017, T. Eggeman, R. T. Elander. Bioresource Technol.96, 2019 (2005).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
12 10.1126/science.1121416, A. E. Farrell, R. J. Plevin, B. T. Turner, A. D. Jones, M. O’Hare, D. M. Kammen. Science311, 506 (2006).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
13 R. D. Rogers, K. R. Seddon. Ionic Liquids: Industrial Applications for Green Chemistry, ACS Symposium Series No. 818, American Chemical Society, Washington DC (2002).10.1021/bk-2002-0818Search in Google Scholar
14 P. Wasserscheid, T. Welton. Ionic Liquids in Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2008).10.1002/9783527621194Search in Google Scholar
15 A. Stark, K. R. Seddon. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol. 26, A. Seidel (Ed.), p. 836, John Wiley (2007).Search in Google Scholar
16 M. Petkovic, K. R. Seddon. Chem. Soc. Rev.37, 123 (2008).Search in Google Scholar
17 10.1016/j.tet.2006.11.001, S. Chowdhury, R. S. Mohan, J. L. Scott. Tetrahedron63, 2363 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
18 H. Olivier-Bourbigou, L. Magna, D. Morvan. Appl. Catal. A373, 1 (2010).10.1016/j.apcata.2009.10.008Search in Google Scholar
19 10.1021/cr1003248, J. P. Hallett, T. Welton. Chem. Rev.111, 3508 (2011).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
20 J. Pernak, J. Shamshina, P. Tadeusz, A. Syguda, D. Janiszewska, M. Smiglak, G. Gurau, D. Daly, R. D. Rogers. U.S. Patent Application US2011/043016 (2011).Search in Google Scholar
21 10.1021/ja025790m, R. P. Swatloski, S. K. Spear, J. D. Holbrey, R. D. Rogers. J. Am. Chem. Soc.124, 4974 (2002).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
22 10.1039/b607614a, D. A. Fort, R. C. Remsing, R. P. Swatloski, P. Moyna, G. Moyna, R. D. Rogers. Green Chem.9, 63 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
23 10.1039/c0cc03990j, N. Sun, H. Rodríguez, M. Rahman, R. D. Rogers. Chem. Commun.47, 1405 (2011).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
24 10.1039/c2cs15311d, H. Wang, G. Gurau, R. D. Rogers. Chem. Soc. Rev.41, 1519 (2012).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
25 10.1039/b822702k, N. Sun, M. Rahman, Y. Qin, M. L. Maxim, H. Rodríguez, R. D. Rogers. Green Chem.11, 646 (2009).Search in Google Scholar
26 N. Sun, X. Jiang, M. L. Maxim, A. Metlen, R. D. Rogers. Chem. Sus. Chem.4, 65 (2011).Search in Google Scholar
27a R. D. Rogers, J. E. Bonner, P. S. Barber, C. Griggs, T. S. Opichka, G. Gurau, R. P. Swatloski. U.S. Patent Application 61/674,979 filed 24 July 2012.Search in Google Scholar
27b R. D. Rogers, D. T. Daly, G. Gurau. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2011056924 A2 20110512 (2011).Search in Google Scholar
27c D. T. Daly, R. D. Rogers, Y. Qin. U.S. Patent Application 13/428786, filed 23 March 2012.Search in Google Scholar
27d Y. Qin, R. D. Rogers, D. T. Daly. US2012115729 A1 20120510.Search in Google Scholar
27e M. Rahman, H. Rodriguez, N. Sun, R. P. Swatloski, D. T. Daly, R. D. Rogers. U.S. Provisional Patent Application filed 19 February 2008; PCT Int. Appl., WO 2009105236 A1 20090827 (2009).Search in Google Scholar
27f R. D. Rogers, D. T. Daly, M. B. Turner. S. K. Spear, J. D. Holbrey. U.S. Patent Application 60/694,902, filed 29 June 2005; PCT Int. Appl. WO 2007005388 A3 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
27g J. D. Holbrey, R. P. Swatloski, J. Chen, D. T. Daly, R. D. Rogers. U.S. Patent Filed 27 March 2005; PCT Int. Appl. WO 2005098546 A2 (2005).Search in Google Scholar
27h R. P. Swatloski, R. D. Rogers, J. D. Holbrey, 30 November 2004, U.S. Patent No. 6,824,599 B2; International Application PCT/US02/31404; International Publication Number WO 03/029329 A2, 10 April 2003.Search in Google Scholar
28 10.1016/j.carres.2004.09.008, N. L. B. M. Yusof, L. Y. Limb, E. Khora. Carbohydr. Res.339, 2701 (2004).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
29 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.04.001, C. K. S. Pillai, W. Paul, C. P. Sharma. Prog. Polym. Sci.34, 641 (2009).Search in Google Scholar
30 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.001, H. Tamura, T. Furuike, S. V. Nair, R. Jayakumar. Carbohydr. Polym.84, 820 (2011).Search in Google Scholar
31 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.11.034, H. Nagahama, N. Nwe, R. Jayakumar, S. Koiwa, T. Furuike, H. Tamura. Carbohydr. Polym.73, 295 (2008).Search in Google Scholar
32 10.1126/science.1122396, D. H. Bartlett, F. Azam. Science310, 1775 (2005).Search in Google Scholar
33 10.1021/ed067p938, N. K. Mathur, C. K. Narang. J. Chem. Educ.67, 938 (1990).Search in Google Scholar
34 H. M. Cauchie. In Advances in Chitin Science, A. Domard, G. A. F. Roberts, K. M. Varum (Eds.), pp. 32–38, Jacques Andre, Lyon (1997).Search in Google Scholar
35 R. Gillett. Global study of shrimp fisheries, Food and Agriculture Organization Report, p. 331, Rome (2008).Search in Google Scholar
36 10.1007/s00253-011-3651-2, P. Kandra, M. M. Challa, H. K. P. Jyothi. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.93, 17 (2012).Search in Google Scholar
37 10.1016/0144-8617(94)90157-0, M. W. Anthonsen, K. M. Vårum, A. M. Hermansson, O. Smidsrød, D. A. Brant. Carbohydr. Polym.25, 13 (1994).Search in Google Scholar
38 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.083, A. Domard. Carbohydr. Polym.87, 696 (2011).Search in Google Scholar
39 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.09.008, J. Li, Y. Du, J. Yang, T. Feng, A. Li, P. Chen. Polym. Degrad. Stabil.87, 441 (2005).Search in Google Scholar
40 V. T. Nguyen. Open Biomater. J.1, 21 (2009).10.32508/stdj.v12i10.2295Search in Google Scholar
41 10.1002/app.26093, R. Flores, S. Barrera-Rodríguez, K. Shirai, C. Durán-de-Bazúa. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.104, 3909 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
42 10.1002/1097-4636(200101)54:1<59::AID-JBM7>3.0.CO;2-U, N. L. Yusof, L. Y. Lim, E. Khor. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.54, 59 (2001).Search in Google Scholar
43 10.1080/10408690390826473, J. Synowiecki, N. A. Al-Khateeb. Crit. Rev. Food Sci.43, 145 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
44 10.1016/j.tifs.2006.10.022, K. V. Harish Prashanth, R. N. Thranathan. Trends Food Sci. Technol.18, 117 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
45 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.11.002, R. A. A. Muzzarelli. Carbohydr. Polym.76, 167 (2009).Search in Google Scholar
46 10.1007/s10965-006-0132-x, K. S. Chow, E. Khor, A. C. Wan. J. Polym. Res.8, 27 (2001).Search in Google Scholar
47 10.1016/S0144-8617(01)00316-2, Y. Okamoto, K. Kawekami, K. Miyatake, M. Morimoto, Y. Shigemosa, S. Minami. Carbohydr. Polym.49, 249 (2002).Search in Google Scholar
48 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00026-7, E. Khor, L. Y. Lim. Biomaterials24, 2339 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
49 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.07.009, I. Y. Kim, S. Y. Sio, H. S. Moon, M. K. Yoo, I. Y. Park, B. C. Kim, C. S. Cho. Biotechnol. Adv.26, 1 (2008).Search in Google Scholar
50 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1997.00072.x, R. A. R. Tasker, S. J. Ross, S. E. Dohoo, C. M. Elson. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther.20, 362 (1997).Search in Google Scholar
51 10.1016/j.ejpb.2003.09.006, A. Vila, I. Sanchez, T. Janes, J. L. Behrens, V. Kissel, M. Jato, J. Alonso. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.57, 123 (2004).Search in Google Scholar
52 10.2174/1389201033489748, Y. Kato, H. Onishi, Y. Machida. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol.4, 303 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
53 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19971003)66:1<117::AID-APP14>3.0.CO;2-Z, J. Z. Knaul, K. A. M. Creber. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.66, 117 (1997).Search in Google Scholar
54 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1581(199706)8:6<355::AID-PAT651>3.0.CO;2-T, A. C. Agboh, Y. Qin. Polym. Adv. Technol.8, 355 (1997).Search in Google Scholar
55 10.1021/bm025602k, A. Percot, C. Viton, A. Domard. Biomacromolecules4, 12 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
56 N. S. Mahmoud, A. E. Ghaly, F. Arab. Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnol.3, 1 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
57 10.1021/jf9802676, H. K. No, E. Y. Hur. J. Agric. Food Chem.46, 3844 (1998).Search in Google Scholar
58 10.1039/c0gc00283f, L. Meli, J. Miao, J. S. Dordick, R. J. Linhardt. Green Chem.12, 1883 (2010).Search in Google Scholar
59 10.1016/S0144-8617(98)00167-2, H. Sashiwa, Y. Shigemasa. Carbohydr. Polym.39, 127 (1999).Search in Google Scholar
60 10.1002/jbm.a.10545, N. L. Yusof, A. Wee, L. Y. Lim, E. Khor. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A66, 224 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
61 10.1016/S1381-5148(00)00038-9, M. N. V. Ravi Kumar. React. Funct. Polym.46, 1 (2000).Search in Google Scholar
62 10.1039/c003583a, Y. Qin, X. Lu, N. Sun, R. D. Rogers. Green Chem.12, 968 (2010).Search in Google Scholar
63 Y. Qin, R. D. Rogers, D. T. Daly. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2010141470 A2 12/9/10 (2010).10.1016/S1529-9430(10)01289-1Search in Google Scholar
64 10.1039/c2gc36582k, P. S. Barber, C. S. Griggs, J. R. Bonner, R. D. Rogers. Green Chem.15, 601 (2013).Search in Google Scholar
65 10.1039/b600586c, R. C. Remsing, R. P. Swatloski, R. D. Rogers, G. Moyna. Chem. Commun. 1271 (2006).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
66 10.1021/jp076728k, T. G. A. Youngs, C. Hardacre, J. D. Holbrey. J. Phys. Chem. B111, 3765 (2007).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
67 10.1021/cen-v076n013.p032, M. Freemantle. Chem. Eng. News76, 32 (1998).Search in Google Scholar
68 10.1002/chem.200801509, B. Wu, W. Liu, Y. Zhang, H. Wang. Chem.—Eur. J.15, 1804 (2009).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
69 10.1080/10408690390826473, J. Synowiecki, N. A. Al-Khateeb. Crit. Rev. Food Sci.43, 145 (2003).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
70 10.1016/j.tifs.2006.10.022, K. V. Harish Prashanth, R. N. Thranathan. Trends Food Sci. Technol.18, 117 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
71 http://www.aime.ua.edu/, last accessed 10/15/12.Search in Google Scholar
© 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston