Skip to content
BY-NC-ND 3.0 license Open Access Published by De Gruyter Open Access March 7, 2013

Cognitive findings in childhood anxiety: Translations for clinical practice

  • Katharina Manassis EMAIL logo

Abstract

[1] Daleiden E.L., Vasey M.W., An information-processing perspective on childhood anxiety, Clin. Psychol. Rev., 1997, 17, 407–429 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(97)00010-X10.1016/S0272-7358(97)00010-XSearch in Google Scholar

[2] Crick N.R. Dodge K.A., A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment, Psychol. Bull., 1994, 115, 74–101 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.7410.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74Search in Google Scholar

[3] Puliafico A. C. Kendall, P.C., Threat-related attentional bias in anxious youth: a review, Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev., 2006, 9, 162–180 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10567-006-0009-x10.1007/s10567-006-0009-xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[4] Seligman L.D., Ollendick T.H., Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in youth, Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N Am., 2011, 20, 217–38 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2011.01.00310.1016/j.chc.2011.01.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[5] Mugnaini D., Lassi S., La Malfa G., Albertini G., Internalizing correlates of dyslexia, World J. Pediatr., 2009, 5, 255–64 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12519-009-0049-710.1007/s12519-009-0049-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[6] Grover R.L., Ginsburg G.S., Ialongo N., Psychosocial outcomes of anxious first graders: a seven-year follow-up, Depress. Anxiety, 2007, 24, 410–20 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.2024110.1002/da.20241Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[7] Manassis K., When attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder co-occurs with anxiety disorders: effects on treatment, Expert Rev. Neurother., 2007, 7, 981–988 http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737175.7.8.98110.1586/14737175.7.8.981Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[8] Shechner T., Britton J.C., Pérez-Edgar K., Bar-Haim Y., Ernst M., Fox N.A., et al., Attention biases, anxiety, and development: toward or away from threats or rewards?, Depress. Anxiety, 2012, 29, 282–294 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.2091410.1002/da.20914Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[9] Waters A.M., Lipp O.V., Spence S.H., Attentional bias toward fearrelated stimuli: an investigation with nonselected children and adults and children with anxiety disorders, J. Exp. Child Psychol., 2004, 89, 320–337 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2004.06.00310.1016/j.jecp.2004.06.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[10] Watts S. E., Weems C.F., Associations among selective attention, memory bias, cognitive errors and symptoms of anxiety in youth, J. Abnorm. Child Psychol., 2006, 34, 841–852 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-006-9066-310.1007/s10802-006-9066-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] Alfano C.A., Beidel D.C., Turner S.M., Cognition in childhood anxiety: conceptual, methodological, and developmental issues, Clin. Psychol. Rev., 2002, 22, 1209–1238 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(02)00205-210.1016/S0272-7358(02)00205-2Search in Google Scholar

[12] In-Albon T., Dubi K., Rapee R.M., Schneider S., Forced choice reaction time paradigm in children with separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, and nonanxious controls, Behav. Res. Ther., 2009, 47, 1058–1065 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.08.00310.1016/j.brat.2009.08.003Search in Google Scholar

[13] Cannon M.F., Weems C.F., Cognitive biases in childhood anxiety disorders: do interpretive and judgment biases distinguish anxious youth from their non-anxious peers?, J. Anxiety Disord., 2010, 24, 751–758 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.05.00810.1016/j.janxdis.2010.05.008Search in Google Scholar

[14] Calamari J.E., Hale L.R., Heffelfinger S.K., Janeck A.S., Lau J.J., Weerts M.A., et al., Relations between anxiety sensitivity and panic symptoms in nonreferred children and adolescents, J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry, 2001, 32, 117–136 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7916(01)00026-X10.1016/S0005-7916(01)00026-XSearch in Google Scholar

[15] Carthy T., Horesh N., Apter A., Edge M.D., Gross J.J. Emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation in anxious children, Behav. Res. Ther., 2010, 48, 384–393 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.12.01310.1016/j.brat.2009.12.013Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[16] Barrett P.M., Rapee R.M., Dadds M.R., Ryan S.M., Family enhancement of cognitive style in anxious and aggressive children: threat bias and the FEAR effect, J. Abnorm. Child Psychol., 1996, 24, 187–203 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0144148410.1007/BF01441484Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[17] Treadwell K.R., Kendall P.C., Self-talk in youth with anxiety disorders: states of mind, content specificity, and treatment outcome, J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 1996, 64, 941–950 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.5.94110.1037/0022-006X.64.5.941Search in Google Scholar

[18] Kley H., Tuschen-Caffier B., Heinrichs N., Safety behaviors, selffocused attention and negative thinking in children with social anxiety disorder, socially anxious and non-anxious children, J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry, 2012, 43, 548–555 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.07.00810.1016/j.jbtep.2011.07.008Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[19] Schmitz J., Kramer M., Tuschen-Caffier B., Negative post-event processing and decreased self-appraisals of performance following social stress in childhood social anxiety: an experimental study, Behav. Res. Ther., 2011, 49, 789–795 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.09.00110.1016/j.brat.2011.09.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[20] Tuschen-Caffier B., Kühl S., Bender C., Cognitive-evaluative features of childhood social anxiety in a performance task, J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry, 2011, 42, 233–239 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.00510.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[21] Szabó M., Lovibond P.F., The cognitive content of thought-listed worry episodes in clinic-referred anxious and nonreferred children, J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol., 2004, 33, 613–622 http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3303_1810.1207/s15374424jccp3303_18Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[22] Legerstee J.S., Garnefski N., Jellesma F.C., Verhulst F.C., Utens E.M., Cognitive coping and childhood anxiety disorders, Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2010, 19, 143–150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-009-0051-610.1007/s00787-009-0051-6Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[23] Manassis K., Tannock R., Young A., Francis-John S., Cognition in anxious children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a comparison with clinical and normal children, Behav. Brain Funct., 2007, 3, 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-3-410.1186/1744-9081-3-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[24] Beitchman J.H., Wilson B., Johnson C.J., Atkinson L., Young A., Adlaf A., et al., Fourteen-year follow-up of speech/language-impaired and control children: psychiatric outcome, J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2001, 40, 75–82 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200101000-0001910.1097/00004583-200101000-00019Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[25] Waters A.M., Craske M.G., Bergman R.L., Treanor M., Threat interpretation bias as a vulnerability factor in childhood anxiety disorders, Behav. Res. Ther., 2008, 46, 39–47 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.00210.1016/j.brat.2007.10.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[26] Cartwright-Hatton S., Tschernitz N., Gomersall H., Social anxiety in children: social skills deficit, or cognitive distortion?, Behav. Res. Ther., 2005, 43, 131–141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.12.00310.1016/j.brat.2003.12.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[27] Hunt C., Keogh E., French C.C., Anxiety sensitivity, conscious awareness and selective attentional biases in children, Behav. Res. Ther., 2007, 45, 497–509 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2006.04.00110.1016/j.brat.2006.04.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[28] Roy A.K., Vasa R.A., Bruck M., Mogg K., Bradley B.P., Sweeney M., et al., Attention bias toward threat in pediatric anxiety disorders, J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2008, 47, 1189–1196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181825ace10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181825aceSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[29] Lester K.J., Field A.P., Oliver S., Cartwright-Hatton S., Do anxious parents interpretive biases towards threat extend into their child’s environment?, Behav. Res. Ther., 2009, 47, 170–174 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.11.00510.1016/j.brat.2008.11.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[30] Lupien S.J., Maheu F., Tu M., Fiocco A., Schramek T.E., The effects of stress and stress hormones on human cognition: Implications for the field of brain and cognition, Brain Cog., 2007, 65, 209–237 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2007.02.00710.1016/j.bandc.2007.02.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[31] Manassis K., Tannock R., McInnes A., Garland E.J., Clark S., Minde K., The sounds of silence: language, cognition and anxiety in selective mutism, J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2007, 46, 1187–1195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318076b7ab10.1097/CHI.0b013e318076b7abSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[32] Martin L.T., Kubzansky L.D., LeWinn K.Z., Lipsitt L.P., Satz P., Buka S.L., Childhood cognitive performance and risk of generalized anxiety disorder, Int. J. Epidemiol., 2007, 36, 769–775 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym06310.1093/ije/dym063Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[33] Manassis K., Generalized anxiety disorder in the classroom, Child Adolesc. Psyciatr. Clin. N. Am., 2012, 21, 93–103 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2011.08.01010.1016/j.chc.2011.08.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[34] Legerstee J.S., Tulen J.H., Dierckx B., Treffers P.D., Verhulst F.C., Utens E.M., CBT for childhood anxiety disorders: differential changes in selective attention between treatment responders and nonresponders, J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 2010, 51, 162–172 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02143.x10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02143.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[35] Manassis K., Hum K.M., Lee T.C., Zhang G., Lewis M.D., Threat perception predicts cognitive behavioral therapy outcomes in anxious children, Open J. Psychiatry, 2013, in press 10.4236/ojpsych.2013.31A009Search in Google Scholar

[36] Lau W.Y., Chan C.K., Li J.C., Au T.K., Effectiveness of group cognitivebehavioral treatment for childhood anxiety in community clinics, Behav. Res. Ther., 2010, 48, 1067–1077 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.00710.1016/j.brat.2010.07.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[37] Manassis K., Wilansky-Traynor P., Farzan N., Kleiman V., Parker K., Sanford M., The feelings club: randomized controlled evaluation of school-based CBT for anxious or depressive symptoms, Depress. Anxiety, 2010, 27, 945–952 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.2072410.1002/da.20724Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[38] Creswell C., Schniering C.A., Rapee R.M., Threat interpretation in anxious children and their mothers: comparison with nonclinical children and the effects of treatment, Behav. Res. Ther., 2005, 43, 1375–1381 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.10.00910.1016/j.brat.2004.10.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[39] Waters A.M., Wharton T.A., Zimmer-Gembeck M.J., Craske M.G., Threat-based cognitive biases in anxious children: comparison with non-anxious children before and after cognitive behavioural treatment, Behav. Res. Ther., 2008, 46, 358–374 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.01.00210.1016/j.brat.2008.01.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[40] Macleod C., Cognitive bias modification procedures in the management of mental disorders, Curr. Opin. Psychiatry, 2012, 25, 114–120 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834fda4a10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834fda4aSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[41] Hallion L.S., Ruscio A.M., A meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive bias modification on anxiety and depression, Psychol. Bull., 2011, 137, 940–958 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a002435510.1037/a0024355Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[42] Eldar S., Apter A., Lotan D., Edgar K.P., Naim R., Fox N.A., et al., Attention bias modification treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial, Am. J. Psychiatry, 2012, 169, 213–220 http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.1106088610.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11060886Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[43] Rozenman M., Weersing V.R., Amir N., A case series of attention modification in clinically anxious youths, Behav. Res. Ther., 2011, 49, 324–330 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.02.00710.1016/j.brat.2011.02.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[44] Bar-Haim Y., Morag I., Glickman S., Training anxious children to disengage attention from threat: a randomized controlled trial, J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry, 2011, 52, 861–869 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02368.x10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02368.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[45] Waters A.M., Pittaway M., Mogg K., Bradley B.P., Pine D.S., Attention training towards positive stimuli in clinically anxious children, Dev. Cogn. Neurosci., 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.09.004 [Epub ahead of print] 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.09.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[46] Lee T.C., Dupuis A., Guberman C., Jones E., Herbert M., Manassis K., Effects of age and subtype on anxious children’s emotional recognition: Implications for cognitive-behavioural therapy, Can. J. Psychiat., in press Search in Google Scholar

[47] Comer J.S., Kendall P.C., A symptom-level examination of parentchild agreement in the diagnosis of anxious youths, J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2004, 43, 878–886 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000125092.35109.c510.1097/01.chi.0000125092.35109.c5Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[48] Flavell J.H.H., Flavell E.R., Green F.L., Developments of children’s understanding of connections between thinking and feeling, Psychol. Sci., 2001, 12, 430–432 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.0037910.1111/1467-9280.00379Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[49] Pearson D.A., Lane, D.M., Visual attention movements: a developmental study, Child Dev., 1991, 61, 1779–1795 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/113083710.2307/1130837Search in Google Scholar

[50] Rosso I.M., Young A.D., Femia L.A., Yurgelun-Todd D.A., Cognitive and emotional components of frontal lobe functioning in childhood and adolescence, Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 2004, 1021, 355–362 http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1308.04510.1196/annals.1308.045Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[51] Westenberg P.M., Drewes M.J., Goedhart A.W., Siebelink B.M., Treffers P.D., A developmental analysis of self-reported fears in late childhood through mid-adolescence: social-evaluative fears on the rise?, J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 2004, 45, 481–495 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00239.x10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00239.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[52] Muris P., Mayer B., Freher N.K., Duncan S., van den Hout A., Children’s internal attributions of anxiety-related physical symptoms: agerelated patterns and the role of cognitive development and anxiety sensitivity, Child Psychiat. Hum. D, 2010, 41, 535–548 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-010-0186-110.1007/s10578-010-0186-1Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[53] Cresswell C., O’Connor T.G., Interpretation bias and anxiety in childhood: stability, specificity and longitudinal associations, Behav. Cogn. Psychother., 2011, 39, 191–204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S135246581000049410.1017/S1352465810000494Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Published Online: 2013-3-7
Published in Print: 2013-3-1

© 2013 Versita Warsaw

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Downloaded on 29.3.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.2478/s13380-013-0110-9/html
Scroll to top button