Skip to content
BY-NC-ND 3.0 license Open Access Published by De Gruyter Open Access February 26, 2011

WIMP event rates in directional experiments: The diurnal variation signature

  • John Vergados EMAIL logo and Charalampos Moustakidis
From the journal Open Physics

Abstract

The recent WMAP data have confirmed that exotic dark matter together with the vacuum energy (cosmological constant) dominate in the flat Universe. Modern particle theories provide viable cold dark matter candidates with masses in the GeV-TeV region. All such candidates will be called WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). The nature of dark matter can only be unraveled by its direct detection in the laboratory. In this work we present some theoretical elements relevant to the direct dark matter detection experiments, paying particular attention to directional experiments, i.e. experiments in which not only the energy but the direction of the recoiling nucleus is observed. Since the direction of observation is fixed with respect to the Earth, while the Earth is rotating around its axis, in a directional experiment the angle between the direction of observation and the Sun’s direction of motion will change during the day. So, since the event rates sensitively depend on this angle, the observed signal in such experiments will exhibit very interesting and characteristic periodic diurnal variation.

[1] S. Hanary et al., Astrophys. J. 545, L5 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/31732210.1086/317322Search in Google Scholar

[2] J.H.P. Wu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 251303 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.25130310.1103/PhysRevLett.87.251303Search in Google Scholar

[3] M.G. Santos et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 241302 (2002) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.24130210.1103/PhysRevLett.88.241302Search in Google Scholar

[4] P.D. Mauskopf et al., Astrophys. J. 536, L59 (2002) http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/31274310.1086/312743Search in Google Scholar

[5] S. Mosi et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 48, 243 (2002) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6410(02)00131-X10.1016/S0146-6410(02)00131-XSearch in Google Scholar

[6] S.B. Ruhl et al., arXiv:astro-ph/0212229 and references therein Search in Google Scholar

[7] N.W. Halverson et al., Astrophys. J. 568, 38 (2002) http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/33887910.1086/338879Search in Google Scholar

[8] L.S. Sievers et al., arXiv:astro-ph/0205287 and references therein Search in Google Scholar

[9] G.F. Smoot et al. (COBE Collaboration), Astrophys. J. 396, L1 (1992) http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/18650410.1086/186504Search in Google Scholar

[10] A.H. Jaffe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3475 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.347510.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3475Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] D.N. Spergel et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. S. 148, 175 (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/37722610.1086/377226Search in Google Scholar

[12] D. Spergel et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. S. 170, 377 (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/51370010.1086/513700Search in Google Scholar

[13] D.P. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2867 (1995) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.286710.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2867Search in Google Scholar

[14] P. Ullio, M. Kamioknowski, J. High Energy Phys. 0103, 049 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2001/03/04910.1088/1126-6708/2001/03/049Search in Google Scholar

[15] A. Bottino et al., Phys. Lett B 402, 113 (1997) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00390-010.1016/S0370-2693(97)00390-0Search in Google Scholar

[16] R. Arnowitt, P. Nath, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4592 (1995) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.459210.1103/PhysRevLett.74.4592Search in Google Scholar

[17] R. Arnowitt, P. Nath, Phys. Rev. D 54, 2374 (1996) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.54.237410.1103/PhysRevD.54.2374Search in Google Scholar

[18] V.A. Bednyakov, H.V. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, S.G. Kovalenko, Phys. Lett. B 329, 5 (1994) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(94)90509-610.1016/0370-2693(94)90509-6Search in Google Scholar

[19] J. Ellis, L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B 283, 252 (1992) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(92)90016-W10.1016/0370-2693(92)90016-WSearch in Google Scholar

[20] M.E. Gómez, J.D. Vergados, Phys. Lett. B 512, 252 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00726-210.1016/S0370-2693(01)00726-2Search in Google Scholar

[21] M.E. Gómez, G. Lazarides, C. Pallis, Phys. Rev. D 61, 123512 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.61.12351210.1103/PhysRevD.61.123512Search in Google Scholar

[22] M.E. Gómez, G. Lazarides, C. Pallis, Phys. Lett. B 487, 313 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(00)00841-810.1016/S0370-2693(00)00841-8Search in Google Scholar

[23] J. Ellis, R.A. Flores, Phys. Lett. B 263, 259 (1991) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)90597-J10.1016/0370-2693(91)90597-JSearch in Google Scholar

[24] J. Ellis, R.A. Flores, Phys. Lett. B 300, 175 (1993) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)90767-C10.1016/0370-2693(93)90767-CSearch in Google Scholar

[25] J. Ellis, R.A. Flores, Nucl. Phys. B 400, 25 (1993) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(93)90396-710.1016/0550-3213(93)90396-7Search in Google Scholar

[26] J.D. Vergados, J. Phys. G Nucl. Partic. 22, 253 (1996) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/22/2/01010.1088/0954-3899/22/2/010Search in Google Scholar

[27] J.D. Vergados, Lect. Notes Phys. 720, 69 (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71013-4_310.1007/978-3-540-71013-4_3Search in Google Scholar

[28] A. Djouadi, M.K. Drees, Phys. Lett. B 484, 183 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(00)00661-410.1016/S0370-2693(00)00661-4Search in Google Scholar

[29] S. Dawson, Nucl. Phys. B 359, 283 (1991) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(91)90061-210.1016/0550-3213(91)90061-2Search in Google Scholar

[30] M. Spira et al., Nucl. Phys. B 453, 17 (1995) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(95)00379-710.1016/0550-3213(95)00379-7Search in Google Scholar

[31] M. Drees, M.M. Nojiri, Phys. Rev. D 48, 3843 (1993) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.48.348310.1103/PhysRevD.48.3483Search in Google Scholar

[32] M. Drees, M.M. Nojiri, Phys. Rev. D 47, 4226 (1993) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.47.422610.1103/PhysRevD.47.4226Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[33] T.P. Cheng, Phys. Rev. D 38, 2869 (1988) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.38.286910.1103/PhysRevD.38.2869Search in Google Scholar

[34] H-Y. Cheng, Phys. Lett. B 219, 347 (1989) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90402-410.1016/0370-2693(89)90402-4Search in Google Scholar

[35] M.T. Ressell et al., Phys. Rev. D 48, 5519 (1993) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.48.551910.1103/PhysRevD.48.5519Search in Google Scholar

[36] M.T. Ressell, D.J. Dean, Phys. Rev. C 56, 535 (1997) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.56.53510.1103/PhysRevC.56.535Search in Google Scholar

[37] P.C. Divari, T.S. Kosmas, J.D. Vergados, L.D. Skouras, Phys. Rev. C 61, 054612 (2000) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.61.05461210.1103/PhysRevC.61.054612Search in Google Scholar

[38] M.W. Goodman, E. Witten, Phys. Rev. D 31, 3059 (1985) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.31.305910.1103/PhysRevD.31.3059Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[39] A. Drukier, A. Freeze, D. Spergel, Phys. Rev. D 33, 3495 (1986) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.33.349510.1103/PhysRevD.33.3495Search in Google Scholar

[40] D. Spergel, Phys. Rev. D 37, 1353 (1988) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.37.135310.1103/PhysRevD.37.1353Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[41] J.D. Vergados, P. Quentin, D. Strottman, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 14, 751 (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S021830130500350810.1142/S0218301305003508Search in Google Scholar

[42] J.D. Vergados, H. Ejiri, Phys. Lett. B 606, 305 (2005) 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.11.085Search in Google Scholar

[43] C.C. Moustakidis, J.D. Vergados, H. Ejiri, Nucl. Phys. B 727, 406 (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.08.03310.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.08.033Search in Google Scholar

[44] C.C. Moustakidis, J.D. Vergados, H. Ejiri, Nucl. Phys. B 727, 406 (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.08.03310.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.08.033Search in Google Scholar

[45] B. Ahmed et al., Astropart. Phys. 19, 691 (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0927-6505(03)00115-410.1016/S0927-6505(03)00115-4Search in Google Scholar

[46] Y. Shimizu, M. Minoa, Y. Inoue, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 496, 347 (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01661-310.1016/S0168-9002(02)01661-3Search in Google Scholar

[47] V.A. Kudryavtsev, arXiv:astro-ph/0406126 Search in Google Scholar

[48] B. Morgan, A.M. Green, N.J.C. Spooner, Phys. Rev. D 71, 103507 (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.10350710.1103/PhysRevD.71.103507Search in Google Scholar

[49] B. Morgan, A.M. Green, Phys. Rev. D 72, 123501 (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.72.12350110.1103/PhysRevD.72.123501Search in Google Scholar

[50] A.M. Green, B. Morgan, Astropart. Phys. 27, 142 (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.10.00610.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.10.006Search in Google Scholar

[51] C. Copi, J. Heo, L. Krauss, Phys. Lett. B 461, 43 (1999) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00830-810.1016/S0370-2693(99)00830-8Search in Google Scholar

[52] C. Copi, L. Krauss, Phys. Rev. D 63, 043507 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.63.04350710.1103/PhysRevD.63.043507Search in Google Scholar

[53] M.S. Alenazi, P. Gondolo, Phys. Rev. D 77, 043532 (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.77.04353210.1103/PhysRevD.77.043532Search in Google Scholar

[54] R.J. Creswick, S. Nussinov, F.T. Avignone III, arXiv:1007.0214[astro-ph.IM] Search in Google Scholar

[55] M. Lisanti, J.G. Wacker, arXiv:0911.1997[hep-ph] Search in Google Scholar

[56] J.D. Vergados, Phys. Rev. D 57, 103003 (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.67.10300310.1103/PhysRevD.67.103003Search in Google Scholar

[57] J.D. Vergados, J. Phys. G Nucl. Partic. 30, 1127 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/30/9/01210.1088/0954-3899/30/9/012Search in Google Scholar

[58] J.D. Vergados, A. Faessler, Phys. Rev. D 75, 055007 (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.75.05500710.1103/PhysRevD.75.055007Search in Google Scholar

[59] P. Sikivie, Phys. Rev. D 60, 063501 (1999) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.60.06350110.1103/PhysRevD.60.063501Search in Google Scholar

[60] P. Sikivie, Phys. Lett. B 432, 139 (1998) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00595-410.1016/S0370-2693(98)00595-4Search in Google Scholar

[61] J.D. Vergados, Phys. Rev. D 63, 06351 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.63.06351110.1103/PhysRevD.63.063511Search in Google Scholar

[62] A.M. Green, Phys. Rev. D 63, 103003 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.63.10300310.1103/PhysRevD.63.103003Search in Google Scholar

[63] G. Gelmini, P. Gondolo, Phys. Rev. D 64, 123504 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.64.02350410.1103/PhysRevD.64.023504Search in Google Scholar

[64] A.M. Green, Phys. Rev. D 66, 083003 (2002) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.66.08300310.1103/PhysRevD.66.083003Search in Google Scholar

[65] S. Ahlen et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 25, 1 (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X1004817210.1142/S0217751X10048172Search in Google Scholar

[66] C.J. Copi, L.M. Krauss, D. Simmons-Duffin, S.R. Stroiney, Phys. Rev. D 75, 023514 (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.75.02351410.1103/PhysRevD.75.023514Search in Google Scholar

[67] J.D. Vergados, D. Owen, Phys. Rev. D 75, 043503 (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.75.04350310.1103/PhysRevD.75.043503Search in Google Scholar

[68] J.D. Vergados, Astron. J. 137, 10 (2009) 10.1057/pt.2009.29Search in Google Scholar

[69] N. Tetradis, J.D. Vergados, A. Faessler, Phys. Rev. D 75, 023504 (2007) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.75.02350410.1103/PhysRevD.75.023504Search in Google Scholar

[70] J.D. Vergados, S.H. Hansen, O. Host, Phys. Rev. D 77, 023509 (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.77.02350910.1103/PhysRevD.77.023509Search in Google Scholar

[71] R. Bernabei et al., Phys. Lett. B 424, 195 (1998) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00172-510.1016/S0370-2693(98)00172-5Search in Google Scholar

[72] R. Bernabei et al., Phys. Lett. B 389, 757 (1996) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(96)01483-910.1016/S0370-2693(96)01483-9Search in Google Scholar

[73] J. Angle et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 021303 (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.02130310.1103/PhysRevLett.100.021303Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[74] D.S. Akerib et al. (CDMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 211301 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.21130110.1103/PhysRevLett.93.211301Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Published Online: 2011-2-26
Published in Print: 2011-6-1

© 2010 Versita Warsaw

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Downloaded on 28.3.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.2478/s11534-010-0075-z/html
Scroll to top button