Source Title:
Statistical Communications in Infectious Diseases
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Volume/Issue:
Volume 12: Issue 1

Accounting for informative sampling in estimation of associations between sexually transmitted infections and hormonal contraceptive methods

Anu Mishrahttp://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4662-0374 4 , Petra Bůžková 1 , Jennifer E. Balkus 2 , 3 , and Elizabeth R. Brown 2 , 3
  • 1 University of Washington, Department of Biostatistics, Seattle, USA
  • 2 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, USA
  • 3 University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, USA
  • 4 University of Washington, Biostatistics, Box 357232, Seattle
Anu MishraORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4662-0374, Petra Bůžková, Jennifer E. Balkus
  • Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA
  • University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA
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 and Elizabeth R. Brown
  • Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA
  • University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/scid-2019-0010
|
Published online:
05 Jul 2020

Abstract

The relationship between hormonal contraceptive method use and sexually transmitted infections is not well understood. Studies that implement routine screening for STIs among different contraceptive users, such as the ASPIRE HIV-1 prevention trial, can be useful for identifying potential risk factors of STIs. However, the complex nature of non-random data can lead to challenges in estimation of associations for potential risk factors. In particular, if screening for the disease is not random (i. e. it is driven by symptoms or other clinical indicators), estimates of association can suffer from bias, often referred to as informative sampling bias. Time-varying predictors and potential stratification variables can further contribute to difficulty in obtaining unbiased estimates. In this paper, we estimate the association between time- varying contraceptive use and Sexually transmitted infections acquisition, in the presence of informative sampling, by extending the work Buzkova (2010). We use a two-step procedure to jointly model the non-random screening process and sexually transmitted infection risk. In the first step, inverse intensity rate ratios (IIRR) weights are estimated. In the second step, a weighted proportional rate model is fit to estimate the IIRR weighted hazard ratio. We apply the method to evaluate the relationship between hormonal contraception and risk of sexually transmitted infections among women participating in a biomedical HIV-1 prevention trial. We compare our results using the proposed weighted method to those generated using conventional approaches that do not account for potential informative sampling bias or do not use the full potential of the data. Using the IIRR weighted approach we found depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users have a significantly decreased hazard of Trichomonas vaginalis acquisition compared to IUD users (hazard ratio: 0.44, 95% CI: (0.25, 0.83)), which is consistent with the literature. We did not find significant increased or decreased hazard of other STIs for hormonal contraceptive users compared to non-hormonal IUD users.

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Article information

Corresponding author: Anu Mishra, University of Washington, Biostatistics, Box 357232, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA, E-mail:

Received:
2019-03-06
Accepted:
2020-05-27
Published Online:
2020-07-05

Funding Source:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Award identifier / Grant number:
UM1AI068615UM1AI068633UM1AI106707

Funding Source:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Citation Information: 
Statistical Communications in Infectious Diseases, Volume 12, Issue 1, 20190010, eISSN 1948-4690, ISSN 2194-6310, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/scid-2019-0010.

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

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Journal + Issues

Statistical Communications in Infectious Diseases

Online ISSN:
1948-4690
First published:
01 Jun 2009
Language:
English
Publisher:
De Gruyter

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